Rocourt J, Seeliger H P
Zentralbl Bakteriol Mikrobiol Hyg A. 1985 May;259(3):317-30.
Within the classification of different Listeria species according to present knowledge, this study investigates the sources and distribution of both the known "classical" species of Listeria as well as the recently added species: L. monocytogenes, L. innocua, L. ivanovii, L. welshimeri, L. seeligeri, L. grayi and L. murrayi. For this purpose 573 isolates from the environment, food, healthy carriers and patients suffering from listeriosis were selected out of a total of approximately 6000 strains originating from all parts of the globe which are maintained at the Listeria Culture Collection of the Institute of Hygiene, Würzburg. The selection was made according to the criterium of widest possible geographic distribution. The results indicate the environment to be the natural reservoir of all of the 7 'new' Listeria species. Healthy animal carriers harbour in their intestinal tract all species of Listeria with the exception of L. murrayi, whilst in the excreta of healthy individuals only the species L. monocytogenes, L. ivanovii, and L. innocua were found. Identification of strains from pathological specimens of human and animal origin resulted invariably in the finding of L. monocytogenes or L. ivanovii. L. grayi (7 strains) was found sporadically in Europe and in the USA, whereas L. murrayi (9 strains) has been isolated only in the USA. 26 of 28 so far known strains of L. welshimeri originated from the USA, and only 2 strains of this species were found in Europe. L. seeligeri (80 strains) was identified among European isolates, L. innocua, however, in both USA and Europe. L. ivanovii occurs in Australia, Europe and the USA. L. monocytogenes is of global distribution. Table 1 presents a survey of species, serovariety and origin of the 573 isolates. As both pathogenic and non pathogenic listeria strains are found in the human environment, it is necessary to identify each isolate appropriately, particularly in view of the elucidation of the rather obscure epidemiology of human listeriosis.
在根据现有知识对不同李斯特菌属进行分类的框架下，本研究调查了已知的“经典”李斯特菌属物种以及最近新增物种的来源和分布情况，这些物种包括：产单核细胞李斯特菌、无害李斯特菌、伊氏李斯特菌、威氏李斯特菌、斯氏李斯特菌、格氏李斯特菌和默氏李斯特菌。为此，从全球各地来源的约6000株菌株中挑选出573株分离株，这些菌株保存在维尔茨堡卫生研究所的李斯特菌培养物保藏中心，挑选依据尽可能广泛的地理分布标准进行。结果表明，环境是所有这7种“新”李斯特菌属物种的天然储存库。健康动物携带者的肠道中除默氏李斯特菌外，存在所有李斯特菌属物种，而在健康个体的排泄物中仅发现产单核细胞李斯特菌、伊氏李斯特菌和无害李斯特菌。对人和动物来源的病理标本中的菌株进行鉴定，结果总是发现产单核细胞李斯特菌或伊氏李斯特菌。格氏李斯特菌（7株）在欧洲和美国偶尔被发现，而默氏李斯特菌（9株）仅在美国被分离出来。迄今为止已知的28株威氏李斯特菌中有26株来自美国，在欧洲仅发现该物种的2株。斯氏李斯特菌（80株）在欧洲分离株中被鉴定出来，而无害李斯特菌在美国和欧洲均有发现。伊氏李斯特菌分布于澳大利亚、欧洲和美国。产单核细胞李斯特菌则分布于全球。表1列出了573株分离株的物种、血清型和来源概况。由于在人类环境中同时存在致病性和非致病性李斯特菌菌株，因此有必要对每一株分离株进行适当鉴定，特别是考虑到人类李斯特菌病相当模糊的流行病学情况需要阐明。
