The importance of long-term studies in children following viral infection of the central nervous system.

Viruses are a major cause of central nervous system (CNS) infections in pediatric patients, often resulting in significant rates of morbidity and mortality. Many viruses have been implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders with long-term consequences that significantly impact families, healthcare systems, economies, and society. Unfortunately, however, long-term follow-up studies evaluating neurodevelopmental outcomes in pediatric survivors of viruses affecting the nervous system are limited. The disease burden of CNS infection is often highest in regions where resources are lowest, such as in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). In this viewpoint, we highlight the importance of longitudinal studies in tracking the impact of CNS viral infections over time with a goal of better understanding and evaluating the efficacy of various interventions and identifying opportunities for early intervention to mitigate long-term disability.