Mohsin Muhammad, Shams Fizzah, Li Hong, Alam Amir, Xia Chaoyun, Fan Lulu, Cao Ying, Jiang Wei, Nasir Abdul, Khan Suliman, Bai Qian
Medical Research Center, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, People's Republic of China.
Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, People's Republic of China.
J Neuroinflammation. 2025 Jun 12;22(1):156. doi: 10.1186/s12974-025-03456-w.
Neuropathic pain is one of the most debilitating neurological conditions, significantly challenging to manage due to the complex interplay of oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction in its pathogenesis. Nanozyme (nanomaterials with enzyme-like activity) technology offers a promising strategy to tackle these multifaceted mechanisms. These nanozymes can scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS), modulate inflammatory pathways, and reverse mitochondrial dysfunction, providing notable neuroprotection and pain relief for affected individuals. Additionally, nanozymes exhibit targeted delivery to the injury sites by using mechanisms such as lysosome-mediated endocytosis (e.g., SOD&Fe3O4@ZIF-8 nanozymes) and mannose receptor-mediated cellular uptake (e.g., mSPIONs nanozymes). Given the limitations of current treatment options, we underscore the advantages of nanozymes, including their multifunctional capabilities and potential to enhance therapeutic outcomes in pain management. This review focuses on the underlying mechanisms of neuropathic pain, particularly emphasizing the role of oxidative stress and its impact on disease progression. We examine the applications of nanozymes for treating neuropathic pain, highlighting their potential to scavenge ROS, relieve mitochondrial dysfunction, modulate neuroinflammatory pathways, and repair blood-spinal cord barrier integrity. Furthermore, this paper provides an overview of the current landscape of nanozyme research in neuropathic pain and future directions for their clinical translation in pain management, emphasizing their potential role in improving therapeutic outcomes.
神经病理性疼痛是最使人衰弱的神经系统疾病之一，由于其发病机制中氧化应激、神经炎症和线粒体功能障碍的复杂相互作用，其治疗极具挑战性。纳米酶（具有类酶活性的纳米材料）技术为解决这些多方面的机制提供了一种有前景的策略。这些纳米酶可以清除活性氧（ROS）、调节炎症途径并逆转线粒体功能障碍，为受影响个体提供显著的神经保护和疼痛缓解。此外，纳米酶通过溶酶体介导的内吞作用（如SOD&Fe3O4@ZIF-8纳米酶）和甘露糖受体介导的细胞摄取（如mSPIONs纳米酶）等机制表现出对损伤部位的靶向递送。鉴于当前治疗选择的局限性，我们强调纳米酶的优势，包括它们的多功能能力以及在疼痛管理中增强治疗效果的潜力。本综述重点关注神经病理性疼痛的潜在机制，特别强调氧化应激的作用及其对疾病进展的影响。我们研究了纳米酶在治疗神经病理性疼痛中的应用，突出了它们清除ROS、缓解线粒体功能障碍、调节神经炎症途径以及修复血脊髓屏障完整性的潜力。此外，本文概述了纳米酶在神经病理性疼痛研究中的现状及其在疼痛管理临床转化的未来方向，强调了它们在改善治疗效果方面的潜在作用。
