Saleem Rimah Abdullah, Sukkarieh Hatouf Husni, Alkattan Rana K, Fakhoury Hana M A, Aljada Ahmad, Theyab Abdulrahman, Ababneh Khansa Taha
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Restorative and Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (KSAU-HS), Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia.
J Clin Med. 2025 May 28;14(11):3795. doi: 10.3390/jcm14113795.
Sialolithiasis is a common disorder of the major salivary glands characterized by the formation of salivary stones, known as sialoliths. It is predominantly observed in patients in their fourth to sixth decades of life. Several potential factors have been associated with the development of sialolithiasis, including obesity, smoking, medication use, and several systemic diseases such as dyslipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus. Despite extensive research into the pathogenesis of sialolithiasis, it remains elusive. Therefore, this study aims to explore the characteristics of sialolithiasis among patients residing in Saudi Arabia and to detect the possible role of systemic disorders in the development of sialolithiasis. This study included 375 patients with a confirmed diagnosis of sialolithiasis between 1 January 2016 and 31 December 2024, at the National Guard Health Affairs centers in Saudi Arabia. Demographic information, body mass index (BMI), presence of systemic disorders (hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, asthma, cancer), and the age at diagnosis of each disease were collected for data analysis. A total of 55.5% of the patients were male, with a mean age of 39.8 and a mean BMI of 28. Dyslipidemia represented the most prevalent systemic condition (32.9%), followed by diabetes mellitus (23.5%) and hypertension (20.3%). Moreover, 74.4% and 74.2% of the patients developed hypertension and diabetes mellitus before sialolithiasis, respectively. Furthermore, dyslipidemia was associated with a higher risk profile compared with diabetes mellitus and other systemic disorders. This exploratory study indicates that the incidence pattern of sialolithiasis among both genders likely depends on lifestyle factors and other underlying systemic conditions. Elevated BMI may be a contributing characteristic, and the development of systemic diseases such as diabetes mellitus could be linked to the formation of salivary stones. Furthermore, these findings support a multifactorial pathophysiology of sialolithiasis. The aforementioned factors may play a role in the formation of salivary stones through hyposalivation, whether disease-related or medication-induced hyposalivation, potentially serving as a common mechanism.
涎石病是一种主要唾液腺的常见疾病，其特征是形成唾液结石，即涎石。它主要见于40至60岁的患者。涎石病的发生与几个潜在因素有关，包括肥胖、吸烟、药物使用以及一些全身性疾病，如血脂异常、高血压和糖尿病。尽管对涎石病的发病机制进行了广泛研究，但仍不清楚。因此，本研究旨在探讨沙特阿拉伯患者涎石病的特征，并检测全身性疾病在涎石病发生中的可能作用。本研究纳入了2016年1月1日至2024年12月31日期间在沙特阿拉伯国民警卫队卫生事务中心确诊为涎石病的375例患者。收集人口统计学信息、体重指数（BMI）、全身性疾病（高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常、哮喘、癌症）的存在情况以及每种疾病的诊断年龄进行数据分析。共有55.5%的患者为男性，平均年龄为39.8岁，平均BMI为28。血脂异常是最常见的全身性疾病（32.9%），其次是糖尿病（23.5%）和高血压（20.3%）。此外，分别有74.4%和74.2%的患者在涎石病之前患高血压和糖尿病。此外，与糖尿病和其他全身性疾病相比，血脂异常与更高风险特征相关。这项探索性研究表明，男女涎石病的发病模式可能取决于生活方式因素和其他潜在的全身性疾病。BMI升高可能是一个促成特征，糖尿病等全身性疾病的发生可能与唾液结石的形成有关。此外，这些发现支持涎石病的多因素病理生理学。上述因素可能通过唾液分泌减少在唾液结石形成中起作用，无论是疾病相关还是药物诱导的唾液分泌减少，这可能是一个共同机制。
