Uddin Sarah, Sanchez Machado Mathias, Alshahrouri Bayan, Echeverri Jose I, Rico Mario C, Rao Ajay D, Ruchalski Charles, Barrero Carlos A
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
Center for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
J Clin Med. 2025 May 29;14(11):3822. doi: 10.3390/jcm14113822.
Diabetes is a growing chronic disease with complications that impose a significant burden on healthcare systems worldwide. Pharmacists are readily accessible for diabetes management beyond simply dispensing medications. Consequently, they are involved in disease prevention and detection, therapy management, and patient monitoring. However, with the current escalating impact of diabetes, pharmacists must upgrade their strategies by integrating guidelines from sources like the American Diabetes Association (ADA) 2024 with pharmacy expertise. This perspective serves as a guide for pharmacists, identifying key foundations involved in diabetes management, highlighting five crucial steps for optimal disease control, ranging from prevention strategies to pharmacist-led counseling interventions. We employed PubMed, CDC, WHO guidelines, and key reference texts. Searches were performed using combinations of terms such as "pharmacist", "type 2 diabetes", "diabetes prevention", "pharmacist intervention", and "diabetes management", covering publications from January 2010 to March 2025. Studies were included if they focused on pharmacist-led prevention, intervention, or management strategies related to type 2 diabetes (T2D) and were published in English. Studies focusing exclusively on type 1 diabetes were excluded. Generative artificial intelligence was employed to order and structure information as described in the acknowledgments. Conflicting evidence was resolved by giving relevance to recent systematic reviews, randomized trials, and major guidelines. Additional insights were gained through consultations with PharmD professionals experienced in diabetes care. Evidence from selected studies suggests that pharmacist-led care models may enhance and promote the early detection of T2D, improve therapy adherence, enhance glycemic control, and increase overall treatment efficiency. This work suggests that pharmacists must play a key role in diagnosing, preventing, managing, and mitigating the consequences associated with T2D. They must contribute to early treatments with appropriate training and involvement to improve therapeutic outcomes and reduce diabetes-related complications.
糖尿病是一种日益常见的慢性疾病，其并发症给全球医疗系统带来了沉重负担。药剂师不仅可以简单地配药，还能为糖尿病管理提供便利。因此，他们参与疾病预防、检测、治疗管理和患者监测。然而，鉴于当前糖尿病影响的不断升级，药剂师必须通过整合美国糖尿病协会（ADA）2024年等机构的指南与药学专业知识来提升其策略。本观点为药剂师提供了指导，确定了糖尿病管理中的关键基础，强调了从预防策略到药剂师主导的咨询干预等实现最佳疾病控制的五个关键步骤。我们使用了PubMed、美国疾病控制与预防中心（CDC）、世界卫生组织（WHO）指南以及关键参考文献。搜索使用了“药剂师”、“2型糖尿病”、“糖尿病预防”、“药剂师干预”和“糖尿病管理”等术语组合，涵盖2010年1月至2025年3月的出版物。如果研究聚焦于药剂师主导的与2型糖尿病（T2D）相关的预防、干预或管理策略且以英文发表，则纳入研究。专门聚焦于1型糖尿病的研究被排除。如致谢中所述，使用生成式人工智能对信息进行排序和整理。通过参考近期的系统评价、随机试验和主要指南来解决相互矛盾的证据。通过与有糖尿病护理经验的药学博士专业人员协商获得了更多见解。所选研究的证据表明，药剂师主导的护理模式可能会加强和促进T2D的早期检测，提高治疗依从性，改善血糖控制，并提高整体治疗效率。这项工作表明，药剂师必须在诊断、预防、管理和减轻与T2D相关的后果方面发挥关键作用。他们必须通过适当的培训和参与来促进早期治疗，以改善治疗效果并减少糖尿病相关并发症。
