Renesteen Editha, Boyajian Jacqueline L, Islam Paromita, Kassab Amal, Abosalha Ahmed, Makhlouf Stephanie, Santos Madison, Chen Hongmei, Shum-Tim Cedrique, Prakash Satya
Biomedical Technology and Cell Therapy Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada.
Pharmaceutical Technology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta Al-Geish St., The Medical Campus, Tanta 31527, Egypt.
Int J Mol Sci. 2025 Jun 2;26(11):5351. doi: 10.3390/ijms26115351.
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative condition characterized by considerable cognitive decline and functional impairment, primarily due to the progressive alteration of neurons, microglia, and astrocytes. Pathological manifestations of AD include the loss of synaptic plasticity, reduction in synaptic strength by amyloid-beta, aggregation, and neurotoxicity from tau protein post-translational modifications, all contributing to the disruption of neural networks. Despite its current pharmacological treatment for AD, different approaches to treat such disease are being developed, from a microbiome perspective. The microbiome encompasses a diverse microorganism, including beneficial bacteria that create a positive impact to diminish AD pathogenesis. Growing evidence suggests that probiotic, prebiotic, synbiotic, and postbiotics can positively modulate the gut-brain axis, reducing systemic inflammation, restoring neurotransmitter balance, and improving gut health, thereby possibly mitigating AD pathogenesis. Moreover, there is paraprobiotics as the most recently developed biotherapeutic with beneficial effects. This review explores the correlation between AD and gut-brain axis as a novel biotherapeutic target. The underlying mechanism of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in AD is examined. Novel insights into the current applications as potential treatment and its limitations are highlighted.
阿尔茨海默病（AD）是一种神经退行性疾病，其特征是认知能力显著下降和功能障碍，主要是由于神经元、小胶质细胞和星形胶质细胞的进行性改变所致。AD的病理表现包括突触可塑性丧失、β-淀粉样蛋白导致的突触强度降低、tau蛋白翻译后修饰的聚集和神经毒性，所有这些都导致神经网络的破坏。尽管目前有针对AD的药物治疗，但从微生物群的角度来看，正在开发不同的治疗这种疾病的方法。微生物群包括多种微生物，其中有益细菌对减轻AD发病机制具有积极影响。越来越多的证据表明，益生菌、益生元、合生元和后生元可以正向调节肠-脑轴，减轻全身炎症、恢复神经递质平衡并改善肠道健康，从而可能减轻AD发病机制。此外，还有副益生菌作为最近开发的具有有益作用的生物治疗剂。本综述探讨了AD与作为新型生物治疗靶点的肠-脑轴之间的相关性。研究了AD中微生物群-肠-脑轴的潜在机制。强调了当前作为潜在治疗方法的应用的新见解及其局限性。
