Kenzhaliyev Bagdaulet, Berkinbayeva Ainur, Smailov Kenzhegali, Baltabekova Zhazira, Saulebekkyzy Shynar, Tolegenova Nazerke, Yessengaziyev Azamat, Bakhytuly Nauryzbek, Tugambay Symbat
The Institute of Metallurgy and Ore Beneficiation, Satbayev University, Almaty 050013, Kazakhstan.
Materials (Basel). 2025 May 26;18(11):2496. doi: 10.3390/ma18112496.
This study presents an innovative approach to processing refractory zinc-bearing clinker using microwave thermal treatment followed by acid leaching. Microwave irradiation induces phase transformations, converting sphalerite (ZnS) to zincite (ZnO), and generates microcracks that enhance clinker porosity and reactivity. These changes significantly improve zinc dissolution during sulfuric acid leaching. Key parameters-acid concentration, temperature, solid-to-liquid ratio, and leaching time-were optimized, achieving a zinc extraction of 92.5% under optimal conditions (40 g/L HSO, solid-to-liquid ratio 1:4, 600 °C, 5-7 min) compared to 39.1% without pre-treatment. Thermodynamic analysis confirms the higher reactivity of ZnO, driven by favorable Gibbs free energy and exothermic reaction characteristics. These findings demonstrate the potential of microwave processing to intensify hydrometallurgical processes, offering energy efficiency and environmental benefits for industrial zinc recovery.
本研究提出了一种创新方法，用于处理难熔含锌熟料，即先进行微波热处理，然后进行酸浸。微波辐射引发相变，将闪锌矿（ZnS）转化为氧化锌（ZnO），并产生微裂纹，从而提高熟料的孔隙率和反应活性。这些变化显著提高了硫酸浸出过程中锌的溶解率。对酸浓度、温度、固液比和浸出时间等关键参数进行了优化，在最佳条件下（40 g/L H₂SO₄、固液比1:4、600 °C、5 - 7分钟）实现了92.5%的锌提取率，而未经预处理时锌提取率为39.1%。热力学分析证实了氧化锌具有更高的反应活性，这是由有利的吉布斯自由能和放热反应特性驱动的。这些发现证明了微波处理强化湿法冶金过程的潜力，为工业锌回收提供了能源效率和环境效益。
