Movement and Dispersion Parameters Characterizing the Group Behavior of in Micro-Areas of an Observation Arena.

In the present study, groups of 10 adult males from wild-type strain Canton-S and corresponding mutant were continuously observed using automatic digitization. Data based on instantaneous movement and cumulated movement positions were obtained for micro-areas providing space for resources (food and moisture) and for activity (edge area and intermediate area [between edge and center-diffusion areas]) within the observation arena for 24 h. The results confirmed the natural tendency of local aggregation among individuals within the observation arena (14 cm × 14 cm) at a relatively low density of ten individuals. For Canton-S, temporal cooccurring patterns among different parameters were observed as time progressed, with two primary patterns identified in the resource supply areas: single peak and double peaks. The single peak was observed with maximum speed and -index, indicating minimum degree of isolated individuals from groups, during the transition from the photoperiod to the scotoperiod. The double peaks occurred before (mid-to-late photoperiod) and after (end of scotoperiod) the single peak, co-occurring temporally with a number of parameters including duration rates, stop number (total occurrence of pauses), stop time (total duration of pauses), mean crowding (MC), and social space index (SSI), indicating local aggregations for feeding in accordance with maximum durations in resource supply areas. Temporally cooccurring trends in parameters were also found with the stop number and SSI in micro-areas associated with activity, indicating that short pauses were needed to keep balance between attraction and repulsion between nearby individuals. Overall, the measured parameters varied depending on the micro-area, light phase, and strain. In particular, behavioral differences were observed for , including an increase in speed, especially in the areas related to activity during the scotoperiod. Between strains, behavioral differences in the measured parameters were observed less for than Canton-S.