Andrés Celia María Curieses, Pérez de la Lastra José Manuel, Munguira Elena Bustamante, Juan Celia Andrés, Pérez-Lebeña Eduardo
Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valladolid, Avenida de Ramón y Cajal, 3, 47003 Valladolid, Spain.
Institute of Natural Products and Agrobiology, CSIC-Spanish Research Council, Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez, 3, 38206 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Tenerife, Spain.
Molecules. 2025 May 22;30(11):2262. doi: 10.3390/molecules30112262.
Broccoli, a highly valued Brassica vegetable, is renowned for its rich content of bioactive substances, including glucosinolates, phenolic compounds, vitamins, and essential minerals. Glucosinolates (GSLs), secondary plant metabolites, are particularly abundant in broccoli. The global consumption of broccoli has increased due to its high nutritional value. This review examines the essential bioactive compounds in broccoli and their biological properties. Numerous in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that broccoli exhibits various biological activities, including antioxidant, anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity and antidiabetic effects. This review analyzes several aspects of the chemical and biological activity of GSLs and their hydrolysis products, isothiocyanates such as sulforaphane, as well as phenolic compounds. Particular emphasis is placed on sulforaphane's chemical structure, the reactivity of its isothiocyanate fraction (-NCS), and given the different behavior of SFN enantiomers, a wide and detailed review of the chemical synthesis methods described, by microbial oxidation, or using a chiral ruthenium catalyst and more widely using chiral auxiliaries for synthesizing sulforaphane enantiomers. In addition, the methods of chiral resolution of racemates by HPLC are reviewed, explaining the different chiral fillers used for this resolution and a third section on resolution using the formation of diastereomeric complexes and subsequent separation on achiral columns. Additionally, this review highlights the presence of antimicrobial peptides in broccoli, which have shown potential applications in food preservation and as natural alternatives to synthetic antibiotics. The antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) derived from broccoli target bacterial membranes, enzymes, oxidative stress pathways and inflammatory mediators, contributing to their effectiveness against a wide range of pathogens and with potential therapeutic applications.
西兰花是一种备受重视的十字花科蔬菜，以其富含生物活性物质而闻名，这些物质包括硫代葡萄糖苷、酚类化合物、维生素和必需矿物质。硫代葡萄糖苷（GSLs）作为植物次生代谢产物，在西兰花中含量尤为丰富。由于其高营养价值，西兰花的全球消费量有所增加。本综述探讨了西兰花中的重要生物活性化合物及其生物学特性。大量的体外和体内研究表明，西兰花具有多种生物活性，包括抗氧化、抗癌、抗菌、抗炎、抗肥胖和抗糖尿病作用。本综述分析了硫代葡萄糖苷及其水解产物异硫氰酸酯（如萝卜硫素）以及酚类化合物的化学和生物活性的几个方面。特别强调了萝卜硫素的化学结构、其异硫氰酸酯部分（-NCS）的反应活性，并且鉴于萝卜硫素对映体的不同行为，对所描述的化学合成方法进行了广泛而详细的综述，这些方法包括微生物氧化法、使用手性钌催化剂法以及更广泛地使用手性助剂来合成萝卜硫素对映体。此外，还综述了通过高效液相色谱法拆分外消旋体的方法，解释了用于这种拆分的不同手性填料，以及第三部分关于通过形成非对映体复合物并随后在非手性柱上分离的拆分方法。此外，本综述还强调了西兰花中抗菌肽的存在，这些抗菌肽在食品保鲜以及作为合成抗生素的天然替代品方面显示出潜在的应用价值。源自西兰花的抗菌肽作用于细菌膜、酶、氧化应激途径和炎症介质，使其对多种病原体有效并具有潜在的治疗应用。
