Kwaśny Dominika, Borczak Barbara, Zagrodzki Paweł, Kapusta-Duch Joanna, Prochownik Ewelina, Doskočil Ivo
Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture in Kraków, Aleja Mickiewicza 21, 31-120 Kraków, Poland.
Department of Food Chemistry and Nutrition, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland.
Molecules. 2025 Jun 4;30(11):2458. doi: 10.3390/molecules30112458.
Given the high incidence of diet-related diseases, including type 2 diabetes and cancer, there is a growing need to explore new strategies for their prevention. Although polyphenols are known to reduce starch digestibility and lower the in vitro glycemic index, their antioxidant capacity and cytotoxic properties, when complexed with starches, remain underexplored. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the antioxidant activity, total polyphenol content, and cytotoxic potential of polyphenol-starch complexes formed using common dietary polyphenols-(+)-catechin, epigallocatechin gallate, hesperidin, naringenin, -ferulic acid, -coumaric acid, quercetin, and kaempferol-and widely consumed starches from wheat, rice, potato, and maize. Antioxidant activity (FRAP and DPPH) together with the total polyphenols content (Folin-Ciocalteu) were tested: (1) before (undigested) enzymatic hydrolysis of the tested sample; (2) after (digested) enzymatic hydrolysis of the tested sample and (3) after hydrolysis of the sample and its centrifugation (supernatant). Cytotoxicity against colon cancer (Caco-2, HT29) and normal colon (CCD 841CoN) cell lines were determined in vitro by the MTT method. In undigested samples, the highest antioxidant activity was obtained with the addition of quercetin to wheat, rice, and maize starch (6735.8 µmol Fe/g d.m., 678.8, 539.4 µmol Trolox/g d.m., respectively), and epigallocatechin gallate to wheat, rice, potato, and maize starch (692.1, 538.0, 625.8, 573.6 µmol Trolox/g d.m., respectively). In digested samples, the highest antioxidant activity was obtained with the addition of quercetin to wheat and rice starch (2104.5 µmol Fe/g d.m., 742.1 µmol Trolox/g d.m., respectively). In the case of the natant of the digested samples, the highest value was recorded for the addition of (+)-catechin to potato starch and -ferulic acid to maize starch (823.7 µmol Fe/g d.m., 245.1 µmol Trolox/g d.m., respectively). The addition of quercetin to wheat and rice starch and (+)-catechin to potato starch (0.239, 0.151, 0.085 g gallic acid/g d.m., respectively) resulted in the highest total polyphenol content. Furthermore, quercetin demonstrated the most significant level of cytotoxic activity against the tumor cell line Caco-2 (IC = 275.6 µg/mL; potato starch). Overall, quercetin was identified as the most significant or one of the most significant for all parameters evaluated.
鉴于与饮食相关疾病（包括2型糖尿病和癌症）的高发病率，探索其预防新策略的需求日益增长。尽管已知多酚可降低淀粉消化率并降低体外血糖指数，但它们与淀粉复合时的抗氧化能力和细胞毒性特性仍未得到充分研究。因此，本研究旨在探究使用常见膳食多酚（（+）-儿茶素、表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯、橙皮苷、柚皮素、阿魏酸、香豆酸、槲皮素和山奈酚）与广泛食用的小麦、大米、土豆和玉米淀粉形成的多酚-淀粉复合物的抗氧化活性、总多酚含量和细胞毒性潜力。测试了抗氧化活性（FRAP和DPPH）以及总多酚含量（福林-酚法）：（1）在测试样品进行酶促水解之前（未消化）；（2）在测试样品进行酶促水解之后（消化后）；以及（3）在样品水解并离心后（上清液）。通过MTT法在体外测定对结肠癌细胞系（Caco-2、HT29）和正常结肠细胞系（CCD 841CoN）的细胞毒性。在未消化样品中，向小麦、大米和玉米淀粉中添加槲皮素（分别为6735.8 μmol Fe/g干物质、678.8、539.4 μmol Trolox/g干物质）以及向小麦、大米、土豆和玉米淀粉中添加表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯（分别为692.1、538.0、625.8、573.6 μmol Trolox/g干物质）时获得最高抗氧化活性。在消化样品中，向小麦和大米淀粉中添加槲皮素（分别为2104.5 μmol Fe/g干物质、742.1 μmol Trolox/g干物质）时获得最高抗氧化活性。在消化样品的上清液中，向土豆淀粉中添加（+）-儿茶素以及向玉米淀粉中添加阿魏酸时记录到最高值（分别为823.7 μmol Fe/g干物质、245.1 μmol Trolox/g干物质）。向小麦和大米淀粉中添加槲皮素以及向土豆淀粉中添加（+）-儿茶素（分别为0.239、0.151、0.085 g没食子酸/g干物质）导致总多酚含量最高。此外，槲皮素对肿瘤细胞系Caco-2表现出最显著的细胞毒性活性（IC = 275.6 μg/mL；土豆淀粉）。总体而言，对于所评估的所有参数，槲皮素被确定为最显著的或最显著的之一。
