Zhang Changpeng, Fang Nan, Liang Chizhou, Wang Xiangyun, Li Yanjie, He Hongmei, Zhao Xueping, Luo Yuqin, Jiang Jinhua
State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Key Laboratory for Pesticide Residue Detection, Institute of Agro-Products Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China.
Plant Protection Quarantine and Pesticide Management Station of Zhejiang, Hangzhou 310020, China.
Foods. 2025 May 27;14(11):1904. doi: 10.3390/foods14111904.
This study systematically evaluated the residual behavior of fluxapyroxad (FXP) and mefentrifluconazole (MFZ) in rice-soil systems, alongside their soil and metabolic impacts. Analytical methods validated via linear regression (0.0001-0.05 mg/L) complied with EU guidelines, demonstrating recoveries of 71.97-114.96%, RSDs ≤ 12.12%, and effective mitigation of matrix effects (-85.08% to -76.97%) using matrix-matched calibration. Residual dissipation followed first-order kinetics, with half-lives (T) spanning 10.83-21.00 d (FXP) and 23.10-57.76 d (MFZ). Notably, MFZ exhibited prolonged persistence in brown rice (T = 57.76 d), though final residues (0.031 ± 0.001 μg/g FXP; 0.011 ± 0.0003 μg/g MFZ) remained below regulatory limits (China: 1 mg/kg; CAC: 5 mg/kg). Microbial analysis revealed transient diversity loss in rhizosphere communities (Chao1 index, < 0.05), recovering by 21 d, while endophytes displayed resilience linked to plant metabolites. Enrichment of degraders (e.g., ) contrasted with suppression of nitrogen-fixing , indicating functional trade-offs. Metabolomic profiling identified 3512 metabolites, with 332 and 173 differentially expressed metabolites at 7 d (S) and 21 d (T), dominated by lipids, benzenoids, and phenylpropanoids. Key metabolic shifts included a 2.11-fold increase in coumarin and elevated L-aspartic acid, highlighting adaptive responses via phenylalanine and TCA cycle pathways. Correlation analyses linked stress-tolerant endophytes () to defense-related metabolites (e.g., coumarin), suggesting microbial modulation of plant resilience. These findings emphasize the need for integrated strategies combining residue monitoring, microbial management, and metabolic insights to mitigate agrochemical risks in sustainable agriculture.
本研究系统评估了氟唑菌酰胺（FXP）和联苯三唑醇（MFZ）在水稻-土壤系统中的残留行为及其对土壤和代谢的影响。通过线性回归（0.0001 - 0.05 mg/L）验证的分析方法符合欧盟指南，回收率为71.97 - 114.96%，相对标准偏差≤12.12%，使用基质匹配校准有效减轻了基质效应（-85.08%至-76.97%）。残留消解遵循一级动力学，半衰期（T）为10.83 - 21.00天（FXP）和23.10 - 57.76天（MFZ）。值得注意的是，MFZ在糙米中的残留期较长（T = 57.76天），尽管最终残留量（0.031±0.001 μg/g FXP；0.011±0.0003 μg/g MFZ）仍低于监管限值（中国：1 mg/kg；食品法典委员会：5 mg/kg）。微生物分析表明，根际群落的多样性出现短暂损失（Chao1指数，<0.05），21天后恢复，而内生菌表现出与植物代谢物相关的恢复力。降解菌（如 ）的富集与固氮菌（ ）的抑制形成对比，表明存在功能权衡。代谢组学分析鉴定出3512种代谢物，在7天（S）和21天（T）分别有332种和173种差异表达代谢物，主要为脂质、苯类化合物和苯丙素类化合物。关键的代谢变化包括香豆素增加2.11倍和L-天冬氨酸升高，突出了通过苯丙氨酸和三羧酸循环途径的适应性反应。相关性分析将耐胁迫内生菌（ ）与防御相关代谢物（如香豆素）联系起来，表明微生物对植物恢复力有调节作用。这些发现强调了需要综合运用残留监测、微生物管理和代谢洞察等策略来减轻可持续农业中的农药风险。
