Paśko Paweł, Galanty Agnieszka, Markiewicz Marta, Delgado Efren, Capik Aleksandra, Paredes-Lopez Octavio, Gorinstein Shela
Department of Food Chemistry and Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland.
Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland.
Plant Foods Hum Nutr. 2025 Jun 13;80(3):138. doi: 10.1007/s11130-025-01381-0.
Jicama (Pachyrhizus erosus) tubers contain isoflavones and phenolic acids with potential chemopreventive and anti-inflammatory effects. This study analyzed bioactive and toxic compounds in fresh jicama tuber (flesh and peel) and assessed changes during freezing for 3 and 4 months. Antioxidant, cytotoxic, and anti-inflammatory effects were evaluated on human thyroid cancer (FTC133, 8505 C, TPC1), and normal cells (Nthy-ori 3 - 1), and RAW 264.7 macrophages.
High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) identified active compounds. Antioxidant activity was tested using FRAP and DPPH assays. Cytotoxicity was evaluated using the MTT assay, while anti-inflammatory effects were measured via TNF-α, IL-6 (ELISA), and nitric oxide levels (Griess assay).
Fresh peel contained the highest levels of isoflavones (mg/100 g dry weight) - biochanin A; 52.5, daidzein; 23.0, genistein; 2.6) and phenolic acids (chlorogenic; 61.7, isochlorogenic acids; 95.8), which declined significantly after freezing. No rotenone was detected. Peel extracts exhibited the strongest cytotoxicity against thyroid cancer cells, particularly FTC133, showing dose-dependent inhibition of cell viability. However, they also exhibited cytotoxicity against normal thyroid cells, highlighting potential risks. Flesh extracts showed weaker cytotoxic effects but demonstrated slightly stronger anti-inflammatory activity than peel extracts. Both extracts effectively reduced TNF-α, IL-6, and nitric oxide levels in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Storage time during freezing had no significant impact on anti-inflammatory activity or cytotoxic potency, but it significantly reduced antioxidant activity.
Jicama peel is richer in bioactive compounds than the flesh and exhibits strong cytotoxic effects on thyroid cancer cells, although it also affects normal cells. Freezing reduces phytonutrient content and antioxidant potential but does not alter anti-inflammatory efficacy.
豆薯（豆薯属）块茎含有异黄酮和酚酸，具有潜在的化学预防和抗炎作用。本研究分析了新鲜豆薯块茎（果肉和果皮）中的生物活性和有毒化合物，并评估了冷冻3个月和4个月期间的变化。对人甲状腺癌（FTC133、8505C、TPC1）、正常细胞（Nthy-ori 3 - 1）和RAW 264.7巨噬细胞进行了抗氧化、细胞毒性和抗炎作用评估。
采用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）鉴定活性化合物。使用FRAP和DPPH试验测试抗氧化活性。使用MTT试验评估细胞毒性，通过ELISA法检测TNF-α、IL-6水平以及通过Griess试验检测一氧化氮水平来测量抗炎作用。
新鲜果皮中异黄酮（毫克/100克干重）含量最高——鹰嘴豆芽素A为52.5、大豆苷元为23.0、染料木黄酮为2.6，酚酸（绿原酸为61.7、异绿原酸为95.8）含量也最高，冷冻后显著下降。未检测到鱼藤酮。果皮提取物对甲状腺癌细胞，尤其是FTC133表现出最强的细胞毒性，呈剂量依赖性抑制细胞活力。然而，它们对正常甲状腺细胞也表现出细胞毒性，突出了潜在风险。果肉提取物的细胞毒性作用较弱，但抗炎活性略强于果皮提取物。两种提取物均有效降低了RAW 264.7巨噬细胞中的TNF-α、IL-6和一氧化氮水平。冷冻期间的储存时间对抗炎活性或细胞毒性效力没有显著影响，但显著降低了抗氧化活性。
豆薯果皮比果肉富含生物活性化合物，对甲状腺癌细胞表现出强烈的细胞毒性作用，尽管它也会影响正常细胞。冷冻会降低植物营养素含量和抗氧化潜力，但不会改变抗炎功效。
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