Rosok Laura M, Fifield Lexi M, Sarma Rhea, Keye Shelby A, Walk Anne M, Khan Naiman A
Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Louise Freer Hall, IL, USA.
Department of Health & Kinesiology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Louise Freer Hall, IL, USA.
Nutr Res. 2025 Jul;139:87-99. doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2025.05.004. Epub 2025 May 19.
Carotenoids, pigments found in fruits and vegetables, accumulate in human tissues after consumption. While cross-sectional studies have linked skin carotenoids to carotenoid intake, longitudinal data in childhood is limited. This study aimed to (1) describe changes in skin carotenoids and carotenoid intake in toddlers across 12 mo, and (2) examine cross-sectional relations between intake of carotenoids and skin carotenoids at each timepoint. We hypothesized positive correlations between carotenoid intake and skin carotenoids. Toddlers participated in a 12mo cohort study with 3 timepoints: baseline (12-18 mo, n = 51), midpoint (18-24 mo, n = 46), and final assessment (24-30 mo, n = 41). Skin carotenoids were measured using reflection spectroscopy (Veggie Meter). Parents completed 3 dietary recalls per timepoint to assess toddler intake. Repeated-measures ANOVAs indicated no significant changes in skin carotenoids; however, significant time effects were observed for tomato [F(2, 74) = 4.61, P = .01], α-carotene [F(2,76) = 4.76, P = .01], and β-carotene intake [F(2,76) = 6.78, P ≤ .01]. Pairwise comparisons revealed increased tomato intake from baseline to final assessment (P < .01), decreased α-carotene intake from baseline to midpoint (P = .01) and final assessment (P = .02), and decreased β-carotene intake from baseline to midpoint (P < .01). Regressions showed a positive relation between egg intake and skin carotenoids at baseline (β = 0.26, P = .04), with no other significant associations at any timepoint. Over the 12-month period, toddlers exhibited increased tomato intake and decreased α- and β-carotene intake. Additional research on toddler dietary patterns is needed to understand their impact on skin carotenoids and to guide targeted dietary interventions.
类胡萝卜素是在水果和蔬菜中发现的色素，食用后会在人体组织中积累。虽然横断面研究已将皮肤类胡萝卜素与类胡萝卜素摄入量联系起来，但关于儿童期的纵向数据有限。本研究旨在：（1）描述幼儿在12个月内皮肤类胡萝卜素和类胡萝卜素摄入量的变化；（2）研究每个时间点类胡萝卜素摄入量与皮肤类胡萝卜素之间的横断面关系。我们假设类胡萝卜素摄入量与皮肤类胡萝卜素之间存在正相关。幼儿参与了一项为期12个月的队列研究，有3个时间点：基线（12 - 18个月，n = 51）、中点（18 - 24个月，n = 46）和最终评估（24 - 30个月，n = 41）。使用反射光谱法（蔬菜测量仪）测量皮肤类胡萝卜素。家长在每个时间点完成3次饮食回顾，以评估幼儿的摄入量。重复测量方差分析表明皮肤类胡萝卜素无显著变化；然而，观察到番茄[F(2, 74) = 4.61，P = 0.01]、α - 胡萝卜素[F(2,76) = 4.76，P = 0.01]和β - 胡萝卜素摄入量[F(2,76) = 6.78，P ≤ 0.01]有显著的时间效应。两两比较显示，从基线到最终评估番茄摄入量增加（P < 0.01），从基线到中点（P = 0.01）和最终评估（P = 0.02）α - 胡萝卜素摄入量减少，从基线到中点β - 胡萝卜素摄入量减少（P < 0.01）。回归分析显示，基线时鸡蛋摄入量与皮肤类胡萝卜素之间存在正相关（β = 0.26，P = 0.04），在任何时间点均无其他显著关联。在这12个月期间，幼儿的番茄摄入量增加，α - 和β - 胡萝卜素摄入量减少。需要对幼儿的饮食模式进行更多研究，以了解其对皮肤类胡萝卜素的影响，并指导有针对性的饮食干预。
