Wang Yunpeng, Bi Xiaoye, Xue Dong, Lv Chencheng, Gao Zhenqing, Li Zexiong, Tan Jiawen, Molina Ricardo, Zhao Tao
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, PR China; National Innovation Center of Advanced Dyeing & Finishing Technology, Tai'an, Shandong 271000, PR China; Department of Biological Chemistry, IQAC-CSIC, Barcelona 08034, Spain.
College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, PR China.
Int J Biol Macromol. 2025 Jul;318(Pt 3):145217. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.145217. Epub 2025 Jun 11.
Large volumes of water are consumed in traditional cotton fabric dyeing, and auxiliaries such as salt and alkali are required to enhance dyeing efficiency, resulting in significant resource waste and environmental pollution. Therefore, the development of a green, efficient and sustainable dye and dyeing process is crucial for the sustainable development of the textile industry. In this study, four multicolor carbene dyes with diazirine moieties as carbene precursors were successfully synthesized and applied for the first time in salt-free and auxiliary-free eco-friendly dyeing process of cotton fabrics. The four dyes were applied to cotton fabrics in a methanol/water (4:6, v/v) mixed solution, where the effects of solvent ratio, dyeing temperature and time, as well as fixation temperature and duration on dyeing performance and fixation efficiency were systematically evaluated. The influence of solvent on the aggregation behavior of dyes was comprehensively investigated using ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and nanoparticle size analysis. The dyed cotton fabrics exhibited high color strength, excellent fixation rates, and outstanding color fastness properties, including washing, rubbing, and sublimation fastness. It was confirmed by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis of the dyed fabric cross-sections that carbene dyes could penetrate deep into the cotton fibers to form covalent bonds for coloring. Importantly, no damage to the crystalline structure or thermal stability of the cotton fibers was observed during the dyeing and fixation processes. Therefore, the carbene dyes and their salt- and alkali-free dyeing process offer a promising eco-friendly strategy for cotton dyeing, providing a novel pathway toward sustainable textile coloration technologies.
传统棉织物染色过程中消耗大量的水，并且需要盐和碱等助剂来提高染色效率，这导致了大量的资源浪费和环境污染。因此，开发绿色、高效和可持续的染料及染色工艺对于纺织工业的可持续发展至关重要。在本研究中，首次成功合成了四种以重氮甲烷部分作为卡宾前体的多色卡宾染料，并将其应用于棉织物的无盐无助剂环保染色工艺中。这四种染料在甲醇/水（4:6，v/v）混合溶液中应用于棉织物，系统地评估了溶剂比例、染色温度和时间以及固色温度和持续时间对染色性能和固色效率的影响。使用紫外可见（UV-Vis）光谱、透射电子显微镜（TEM）和纳米颗粒尺寸分析全面研究了溶剂对染料聚集行为的影响。染色后的棉织物表现出高色强度、优异的固色率以及出色的色牢度性能，包括水洗、摩擦和升华牢度。通过对染色织物横截面的能量色散X射线光谱（EDS）分析证实，卡宾染料可以深入渗透到棉纤维中形成共价键进行染色。重要的是，在染色和固色过程中未观察到棉纤维的晶体结构或热稳定性受到损害。因此，卡宾染料及其无盐无碱染色工艺为棉织物染色提供了一种有前景的环保策略，为可持续纺织染色技术开辟了一条新途径。
