García Ferreyra María Fernanda, Scavuzzo Carlos Marcelo, Otero Lidia Ana, Curci Gabriele
Instituto de Altos Estudios Espaciales Mario Gulich, Comisión Nacional de Actividades Espaciales, Ruta C45, km 8, Falda de Cañete, X5187XAC, Córdoba, Argentina; Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Haya de la Torre S/N, Córdoba, X5000, Córdoba, Argentina.
Instituto de Altos Estudios Espaciales Mario Gulich, Comisión Nacional de Actividades Espaciales, Ruta C45, km 8, Falda de Cañete, X5187XAC, Córdoba, Argentina; Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Haya de la Torre S/N, Córdoba, X5000, Córdoba, Argentina.
Environ Pollut. 2025 Oct 1;382:126540. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2025.126540. Epub 2025 Jun 11.
Carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, volatile organic compounds and aerosols are the dominant species emitted by wildfires, affecting air quality and contributing to global greenhouse gases. This study implements the APIFLAME fire emissions model, the EDGAR anthropogenic emission inventory, the WRF weather prediction model, and the CHIMERE chemical transport model to simulate air quality during wildfires. Three configurations assessed the impact of smoke injection height: a standard configuration with a plume rise model and fixed heights at 2500 and 5000 m. The case study is a wildfire in Patagonia during summer 2018, burning over a million hectares. Fire emissions were in the order of (CO, NMVOCs) and surpassed (NO, PM10, PM2.5 and SO) the annual Argentinian emissions from transport and oil refineries. NO and aerosol optical depth (AOD) were assessed with satellite data: QA4ECV/OMI (KNMI) and MAIAC/MODIS (NASA). To compare modeled- to satellite NO, averaging kernels were applied. All configurations showed high correlation (ρ>0.69) and a deviation of -10.38 to 3.93% for different radii around the hotspots. Concerning AOD, normalized mean bias overpredicts the lowest deviation locally when compared to 470 nm MAIAC data, at 0.25-0.50 around the hotspot positions, for the 5000 m injection height configuration (28.8 to 28.6%), 2500 m injection height configuration (46.83 to 52.69%) and standard configuration (60.21 to 66.2%). In addition, the spatio-temporal evolution of the plume was well reproduced by the standard configuration. Model-satellite intercomparisons in the spatial domain reveal long-range transport, complementing local statistical metrics, and highlight the influence of injection height on plume dispersion. This study provides valuable insights into the impact of wildfires on air quality in Patagonia. Given limited ground-based observations, future work should evaluate updated satellite datasets and refine fire emission estimates.
一氧化碳、氮氧化物、挥发性有机化合物和气溶胶是野火排放的主要物质，影响空气质量并导致全球温室气体增加。本研究采用APIFLAME火灾排放模型、EDGAR人为排放清单、WRF天气预报模型和CHIMERE化学传输模型来模拟野火期间的空气质量。三种配置评估了烟雾注入高度的影响：一种标准配置，采用羽流上升模型，固定高度为2500米和5000米。案例研究是2018年夏季巴塔哥尼亚的一场野火，过火面积超过100万公顷。火灾排放量按（一氧化碳、非甲烷挥发性有机化合物）顺序排列，超过了（氮氧化物、可吸入颗粒物、细颗粒物和二氧化硫）阿根廷交通运输和炼油厂的年度排放量。利用卫星数据QA4ECV/OMI（荷兰皇家气象研究所）和MAIAC/MODIS（美国国家航空航天局）评估了氮氧化物和气溶胶光学厚度（AOD）。为了比较模型与卫星的氮氧化物数据，应用了平均核函数。所有配置在热点周围不同半径处均显示出高度相关性（ρ>0.69）以及-10.38%至3.93%的偏差。关于气溶胶光学厚度，与470纳米MAIAC数据相比，归一化平均偏差在热点位置周围0.2至0.5范围内，对5000米注入高度配置（28.8%至28.6%）、2500米注入高度配置（46.83%至52.69%）和标准配置（60.21%至66.2%）的局部最低偏差预测过高。此外，标准配置很好地再现了羽流的时空演变。空间域的模型-卫星相互比较揭示了长距离传输，补充了局部统计指标，并突出了注入高度对羽流扩散的影响。本研究为野火对巴塔哥尼亚空气质量的影响提供了有价值的见解。鉴于地面观测有限，未来的工作应评估更新的卫星数据集并完善火灾排放估计。
