Raza Mohammad Adnan, Khatoon Nousheen, Parveen Rahnuma, Nirisha V, Thakur Yamini, Thakur Yogita, Lata Kumari, Shifana A S, Disouza John, Saoji Suprit D
Rungta College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Bhilai, C.G., India.
Bombay Institute of Pharmacy & Research, Dombivli East, Taluka: Kalyan 421204, Maharashtra, India.
Int J Biol Macromol. 2025 Jul;318(Pt 4):145145. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2025.145145. Epub 2025 Jun 20.
Cancer is one of the most significant abnormalities in medical sciences for which a new and efficient therapeutic intervention is desired. Targeting the tumor necrosis factor-alpha receptor appears to have a critical role in both cancer development and immune modality. In this review, an attempt is made to review the potential and avenues of natural macromolecules that have augmented drug delivery systems for specific targeting of the tumor necrosis factor-alpha receptor in cancer therapy. Biological macromolecules, derived from biocompatible and biodegradable sources such as lipids, polysaccharides of natural origin, such as chitosan, hyaluronic acid, alginate, pectin, dextran, starch, cellulose, agar, carrageenan, guar gum, chondroitin sulfate, pullulan, and konjac glucomannan, have been immensely utilized in drug delivery systems for its negligible toxicity mucoadhesive properties, ability to enhance drug stability, and controlled release capabilities. Various novel drug delivery approaches are discussed in detail, including those using polysaccharides, lipids, chitosan, proteins, polymers, dendrimers, exosomes, hydrogels, albumin nanoparticles, silk nanoparticles, and cyclodextrin nanoparticles, incorporating cutting-edge engineering techniques for encapsulation of chemotherapeutic, immunomodulatory, and gene-silencing drugs for site-specific delivery at a site of a tumor. Such macromolecules can mitigate toxicity and even bypass multidrug resistance through their intrinsic property, ligand functionalization for targetability towards receptors. In the present review, an attempt is made to present an outlook for the role of natural macromolecules is being a breakthrough intervention in interfering with tumor necrosis factor-alpha receptor-dependent processes in cancer and a new direction in developing efficient, non-toxic, and personalized therapies for anti-cancer activities.
癌症是医学领域中最严重的异常情况之一，人们期望有一种新的有效治疗干预方法。靶向肿瘤坏死因子-α受体似乎在癌症发展和免疫调节中都起着关键作用。在这篇综述中，我们试图回顾天然大分子在增强药物递送系统以特异性靶向癌症治疗中的肿瘤坏死因子-α受体方面的潜力和途径。生物大分子来源于生物相容性和可生物降解的来源，如脂质、天然来源的多糖，如壳聚糖、透明质酸、藻酸盐、果胶、葡聚糖、淀粉、纤维素、琼脂、卡拉胶、瓜尔胶、硫酸软骨素、支链淀粉和魔芋葡甘聚糖，因其毒性可忽略不计、粘膜粘附特性、增强药物稳定性的能力和控释能力而在药物递送系统中得到广泛应用。详细讨论了各种新型药物递送方法，包括使用多糖、脂质、壳聚糖、蛋白质、聚合物、树枝状大分子、外泌体、水凝胶、白蛋白纳米颗粒、丝纳米颗粒和环糊精纳米颗粒的方法，这些方法结合了前沿工程技术来封装化疗、免疫调节和基因沉默药物，以便在肿瘤部位进行位点特异性递送。这类大分子可以通过其固有特性、配体功能化以实现对受体的靶向性来减轻毒性，甚至绕过多药耐药性。在本综述中，我们试图展望天然大分子在干扰癌症中肿瘤坏死因子-α受体依赖性过程方面作为一种突破性干预措施的作用，以及在开发高效无毒的个性化抗癌治疗方面的新方向。
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