Gädeken D, Oslage H J, Böhme H
Arch Tierernahr. 1985 Jul;35(7):481-94. doi: 10.1080/17450398509425209.
In respiration experiments with 16 piglets the effect of feeding level on energy metabolism was studied with the aim of estimating energy requirement and costs of protein and fat deposition. Four groups of 4 animals each were fed on different levels of digestible protein and metabolisable energy (ME). Group 1 was fed intensively, whereas the piglets of group 2, 3 and 4 received 92, 76 and 55% respectively of the amounts given to group 1. In the group 1-4 mean daily weight gain was 457, 437, 360 and 205 g respectively. As a consequence the rearing period increased from 44 days to 46, 56 and 98 days. The variation in feed intake affected not only significant differences in energy deposition but also changes in gain composition. In the groups 1-4 the average energy deposition was 4.2 MJ, 4.0 MJ, 3.0 MJ and 1.4 MJ per day and protein gain exceeded fat gain in all groups. Estimations of energy requirement for maintenance were carried out by means of multiple regression analysis using different models. As a result a value of 428 MJ ME per kg live weight 0.75 was obtained and the models used have hardly shown any influence. It seems that higher values for maintenance requirement, as formerly published, are due to different conditions of livestock management, such as temperature. For all groups the average efficiency of ME-utilisation for growth was 0.77, ranging from 0.73 to 0.82. The variation can be attributed to the changes in protein and fat formation. The groups with a higher proportion of protein in the accretion utilised metabolisable energy more efficiently than the intensively fed group 1 with the highest proportion of fat, the difference between the groups being in the range from 0.73 to 0.82. The efficiency of ME-utilisation for protein deposition was calculated to be 0.83 and for fat deposition 0.73. As a higher coefficient for fat formation may be expected in the light of the high fat content in the ration, calculations with an assumed coefficient from 0.75 and 0.80 had been carried out, showing that the efficiency of ME-utilisation for protein gain would only decrease to 0.79 and 0.73 respectively. According to these results the statement must be called in question, that the energetic efficiency of protein deposition of about 50 to 55% - as measured in numerous experiments mainly with older pigs - can generally be accepted.
在对16头仔猪进行的呼吸实验中，研究了饲喂水平对能量代谢的影响，目的是估计能量需求以及蛋白质和脂肪沉积的成本。将仔猪分成4组，每组4头，分别给予不同水平的可消化蛋白质和代谢能（ME）。第1组进行高强度饲喂，而第2、3和4组的仔猪分别获得第1组饲喂量的92%、76%和55%。在第1 - 4组中，平均日增重分别为457克、437克、360克和205克。因此，饲养期从44天增加到46天、56天和98天。采食量的变化不仅影响能量沉积的显著差异，还影响增重组成的变化。在第1 - 4组中，平均每日能量沉积分别为4.2兆焦、4.0兆焦、3.0兆焦和1.4兆焦，且所有组的蛋白质增重均超过脂肪增重。通过使用不同模型的多元回归分析来估算维持能量需求。结果得出每千克体重0.75的维持能量需求值为428兆焦代谢能，并且所使用的模型几乎未显示出任何影响。似乎先前公布的较高维持需求值是由于牲畜管理的不同条件，如温度等。对于所有组，生长过程中代谢能利用的平均效率为0.77，范围在0.73至0.82之间。这种变化可归因于蛋白质和脂肪形成的变化。在增重中蛋白质比例较高的组比脂肪比例最高的高强度饲喂第1组更有效地利用代谢能，各组之间的差异在0.73至0.82之间。计算得出蛋白质沉积的代谢能利用效率为0.83，脂肪沉积的为0.73。鉴于日粮中脂肪含量高，预计脂肪形成系数会更高，因此进行了假设系数为0.75和0.80的计算，结果表明蛋白质增重的代谢能利用效率仅分别降至0.79和0.73。根据这些结果，在众多主要针对大龄猪的实验中测得的约50%至55%的蛋白质沉积能量效率通常可被接受这一说法必须受到质疑。
