Huang Shouzhen, Shangguan Ruonan, Chen Siyu, Lai Xiangdeng, Han Haijun, Sun Jingquan
Institute of Sports Science, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
College of Physical Education, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, China.
Sports Med Open. 2025 Jun 15;11(1):76. doi: 10.1186/s40798-025-00862-5.
Lactate plays a central role in controlling the utilization of energy substrates and the selection of metabolic pathways. This review aims to determine how lactate participates in energy supply and elaborate on how lactate is involved in the fat metabolism and regulation of white adipose and skeletal muscle tissues during exercise, thereby helping the human body achieve precise matching with different exercise intensities and a dynamic balance in energy supply.Numerous studies have confirmed that lactate, through multiple pathways such as the GPR81 receptor and MCT1, regulates the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway, adrenaline concentration, and mitochondrial biogenesis and antioxidant function during exercise, participating in the fatty acid metabolism process of a single bout of exercise and exhibiting different effects in white adipose tissue and skeletal muscle, thereby effectively regulating lipid metabolism. This regulatory process is dependent on lactate concentration and exercise duration. Furthermore, lactate plays a crucial role in the restructuring of lipid metabolism induced by long-term exercise, particularly in promoting the browning of white adipose tissue and enhancing mitochondrial function. However, the bridging role of lactate in the transition of energy supply mechanisms and its deeper mechanisms in lipid metabolism regulation remain at the forefront of metabolic scientific research. In the future, there is an urgent need to delve into the regulatory network of lactate under different exercise intensities, reveal its potential applications in the treatment of metabolic diseases, provide a theoretical basis for the development of new treatment strategies, and promote the formulation of personalized exercise prescriptions to optimize metabolic health and disease management.
乳酸在控制能量底物的利用和代谢途径的选择中起着核心作用。本综述旨在确定乳酸如何参与能量供应，并阐述乳酸在运动过程中如何参与白色脂肪组织和骨骼肌组织的脂肪代谢及调节，从而帮助人体实现与不同运动强度的精确匹配以及能量供应的动态平衡。众多研究证实，乳酸通过GPR81受体和MCT1等多种途径，在运动过程中调节cAMP/PKA信号通路、肾上腺素浓度、线粒体生物发生和抗氧化功能，参与单次运动的脂肪酸代谢过程，并在白色脂肪组织和骨骼肌中表现出不同作用，从而有效调节脂质代谢。这一调节过程取决于乳酸浓度和运动持续时间。此外，乳酸在长期运动诱导的脂质代谢重构中起着关键作用，特别是在促进白色脂肪组织褐变和增强线粒体功能方面。然而，乳酸在能量供应机制转变中的桥梁作用及其在脂质代谢调节中的深层机制仍是代谢科学研究的前沿热点。未来，迫切需要深入研究不同运动强度下乳酸的调节网络，揭示其在代谢疾病治疗中的潜在应用，为新治疗策略的开发提供理论依据，并促进个性化运动处方的制定，以优化代谢健康和疾病管理。
