Yang Zhenyu, Ren Zetao, Zhu Xiangzhen, Yang Wenyan, Ye Zhengqian, Tian Luming, Ma Jiawei
College of Tea Science and Tea Culture, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
College of Resources and Environment, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
Front Plant Sci. 2025 May 30;16:1552759. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2025.1552759. eCollection 2025.
Biochar-based fertilizers (BF) have emerged as a promising strategy to improve soil physicochemical and biological properties, thereby enhancing tea yield and quality.
A field experiment was conducted using two types of BF- ordinary BF (BF1, containing 15% biochar) and optimized BF (BF2, containing 30% biochar)- applied for either 1 or 2 years. The effects on the soil nutrients, tea plant growth, tea quality, and metabolomics profiles were assessed.
Results showed that BF application significantly increased soil pH and nutrient availability, as well as the bud length and hundred-bud weight ( < 0.05). Notably, BF2 applied for 2 years significantly increased the content of free amino acids, total flavonoids, soluble sugar, while reduced the phenol-ammonia ratio ( < 0.05), thereby improving tea quality. Further metabolomics analysis revealed that BF2 treatment significantly elevated the levels of amino acids, including theanine, threonine, proline, valine, and glutamic acid, while decreasing catechins including C, EC, and EGCG, thus leading to reduced bitterness and astringency and enhanced freshness. Besides, differential metabolites were mainly involved in amino acid and flavonoid biosynthesis pathway.
Taken together, prolonged BF2 application significantly improved soil fertility, promoted tea growth, and enriched flavor-related metabolites, offering valuable insights for optimizing fertilization strategies in tea plantations.
基于生物炭的肥料（BF）已成为一种有前景的策略，可改善土壤物理化学和生物学性质，从而提高茶叶产量和品质。
进行了一项田间试验，使用两种类型的BF——普通BF（BF1，含15%生物炭）和优化BF（BF2，含30%生物炭），施用1年或2年。评估了对土壤养分、茶树生长、茶叶品质和代谢组学谱的影响。
结果表明，施用BF显著提高了土壤pH值和养分有效性，以及芽长和百芽重（<0.05）。值得注意的是，施用2年的BF2显著增加了游离氨基酸、总黄酮、可溶性糖的含量，同时降低了酚氨比（<0.05），从而提高了茶叶品质。进一步的代谢组学分析表明，BF2处理显著提高了包括茶氨酸、苏氨酸、脯氨酸、缬氨酸和谷氨酸在内的氨基酸水平，同时降低了包括C、EC和EGCG在内的儿茶素含量，从而降低了苦味和涩味，增强了鲜味。此外，差异代谢物主要参与氨基酸和黄酮类生物合成途径。
综上所述，长期施用BF2显著提高了土壤肥力，促进了茶树生长，并丰富了与风味相关的代谢物，为优化茶园施肥策略提供了有价值的见解。
