D'Urso Provvidenza Rita, Arcidiacono Claudia, Cascone Giovanni
Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, Catania 95123, Italy.
J Anim Sci Technol. 2025 May;67(3):651-665. doi: 10.5187/jast.2024.e33. Epub 2025 May 31.
Intensive livestock housing systems can play a relevant role in the reduction of ammonia (NH) and greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions. Gas concentrations monitoring represents the first step to increase knowledge on the release of gases in the atmosphere and their reduction. In the literature few research studies have investigated the measurement techniques and sampling strategies in Mediterranean context where dairy barns are characterized by wide opening. The objectives of the investigation involve the study of the parameters' setting, number of repetitions for each measurement, position of the sampling points as well as assessing the use of low-cost instrument for gas concentration monitoring. Concentrations of NH, methane (CH) and carbon dioxide (CO) were acquired in an open barn during warm periods by the use of an infrared photoacoustic spectroscope and low-cost portable instruments based on electrochemical and infrared sensors. Statistical analyses were applied to assess data variability. Specific information was provided on how to collect data and obtain reliable measurements by focusing on the acquisition and monitoring of gas concentrations in the barn environment by the use of the two different kinds of devices. The monitoring optimization was found to be affected by the measurement techniques, the sampling strategy (i.e., sampling frequency, number and position of sampling locations, and set-up of the instrument) and monitoring purposes (i.e., measurement of gas, emission estimation, assessment of mitigation strategies).
集约化畜牧养殖系统在减少氨气（NH）和温室气体（GHG）排放方面可发挥重要作用。气体浓度监测是增进对大气中气体排放及其减排了解的第一步。在文献中，很少有研究调查地中海地区的测量技术和采样策略，该地区的奶牛场具有宽敞开口的特点。调查的目标包括研究参数设置、每次测量的重复次数、采样点的位置，以及评估用于气体浓度监测的低成本仪器的使用情况。在温暖时期，通过使用红外光声光谱仪和基于电化学和红外传感器的低成本便携式仪器，在一个开放式牛舍中获取了NH、甲烷（CH）和二氧化碳（CO）的浓度。应用统计分析来评估数据的变异性。通过关注使用两种不同设备在牛舍环境中采集和监测气体浓度，提供了有关如何收集数据并获得可靠测量结果的具体信息。发现监测优化受测量技术、采样策略（即采样频率、采样位置的数量和位置以及仪器设置）和监测目的（即气体测量、排放估算、减排策略评估）的影响。
