Vimalanathan Selvarani, Sreya Mahfuza, Nandanavanam Ranganayaki, Schoop Roland, Gancitano Giuseppe, Saberi Saba, Malikovskaia Anna, Hudson James
Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Women+ and Children's Health Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Front Pharmacol. 2025 May 30;16:1579551. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2025.1579551. eCollection 2025.
Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) contribute to pediatric morbidity and are often complicated by viral-bacterial superinfections, which exacerbate disease severity and increase antibiotic use. This study examined viral-induced bacterial adhesion in an pediatric airway model and the therapeutic potential of extract.
EpiAirway tissue from a 6-year-old boy was infected with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human parainfluenza virus type 3 (HPIV3), or rhinovirus 14 (RV14). Adhesion of type b (Hib) and () was assessed alongside the expression of platelet-activating factor receptor (PAFr), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule-1 (CEACAM-1). Echinaforce (EF extract) was tested for its effect on bacterial dysregulation.
RSV and HPIV3 increased bacterial adhesion by upregulating PAFr, ICAM-1, and CEACAM-1. Hib adhered primarily via ICAM-1, while favored PAFr. RV14 strongly induced CEACAM-1 but did not cause significant bacterial dysregulation. EF significantly reduced virus-induced receptor overexpression, resulting in inhibition of bacterial adhesion and biofilm-like formation.
Our findings provide a mechanistic explanation for the observed effects of in reducing RTI complications and the need for antibiotic prescriptions in clinical settings.
呼吸道感染（RTIs）是儿童发病的原因之一，并且常因病毒-细菌重叠感染而复杂化，这会加剧疾病严重程度并增加抗生素的使用。本研究在一个儿科气道模型中检测了病毒诱导的细菌黏附以及提取物的治疗潜力。
取自一名6岁男孩的EpiAirway组织感染了呼吸道合胞病毒（RSV）、3型人副流感病毒（HPIV3）或鼻病毒14型（RV14）。评估了b型流感嗜血杆菌（Hib）和肺炎链球菌（Spn）的黏附情况以及血小板活化因子受体（PAFr）、细胞间黏附分子-1（ICAM-1）和癌胚抗原相关细胞黏附分子-1（CEACAM-1）的表达。测试了紫锥菊提取物（EF提取物）对细菌失调的影响。
RSV和HPIV3通过上调PAFr、ICAM-1和CEACAM-1增加了细菌黏附。Hib主要通过ICAM-1黏附，而Spn则倾向于PAFr。RV14强烈诱导CEACAM-1，但未引起明显的细菌失调。EF显著降低了病毒诱导的受体过度表达，从而抑制了细菌黏附和生物膜样形成。
我们的研究结果为紫锥菊提取物在减少RTI并发症以及临床环境中对抗生素处方需求方面所观察到的效果提供了一个机制解释。
