Gan Yu, Yang Hao, Wang Maijian, Li Jida
Institute of Zoonosis, College of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China.
Xingyi City Disease Prevention and Control Center (Municipal Health Supervision Station), Xingyi, Guizhou, China.
PeerJ. 2025 Jun 10;13:e19535. doi: 10.7717/peerj.19535. eCollection 2025.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignant tumor in the gastrointestinal tract with inconspicuous early symptoms, high morbidity and mortality, and poor prognosis. Gut microbiota are present in the human intestinal system and have certain functions, which include the integrity of the epithelial barrier and the enhancement of protective immune responses. The etiology of CRC is numerous and complex, including poor lifestyle and dietary habits, and instability of the gut microbiota, which is considered to be one of the major factors in the development of CRC, includes mainly , , , and . Enrichment of these bacteria in CRC tumor tissues may increase other pro-inflammatory opportunistic pathogens and decrease butyrate-producing bacteria, leading to an imbalance in intestinal homeostasis (dysbiosis) and ultimately tumor formation. Antibiotic-induced changes in the gut microbiota affect tissue utilization and redox homeostasis of macronutrients and micronutrients. However, the long-term use and abuse of antibiotics has made the problem of drug resistance a difficult problem that currently plagues the regulation of gut microbiota, as well as a complicated issue in the prevention and treatment of CRC. In this review, we elucidated the drug resistance of four CRC-associated gut microbiota, namely , , , and , and discussed the common and different aspects of the resistance mechanisms of the four gut microbiota, with the aim of providing a basis for the prevention and control of CRC.
结直肠癌（CRC）是胃肠道常见的恶性肿瘤，早期症状不明显，发病率和死亡率高，预后较差。肠道微生物群存在于人体肠道系统中并具有一定功能，包括维持上皮屏障的完整性和增强保护性免疫反应。CRC的病因众多且复杂，包括不良的生活方式和饮食习惯，以及肠道微生物群的不稳定，这被认为是CRC发生发展的主要因素之一，主要包括 、 、 和 。这些细菌在CRC肿瘤组织中的富集可能会增加其他促炎机会性病原体，并减少产丁酸细菌，导致肠道稳态失衡（生态失调）并最终形成肿瘤。抗生素引起的肠道微生物群变化会影响常量营养素和微量营养素的组织利用及氧化还原稳态。然而，抗生素的长期使用和滥用使得耐药性问题成为当前困扰肠道微生物群调节的难题，也是CRC防治中的一个复杂问题。在本综述中，我们阐明了四种与CRC相关的肠道微生物群，即 、 、 和 的耐药性，并讨论了这四种肠道微生物群耐药机制的共性和差异，旨在为CRC的预防和控制提供依据。
