Wu Jian, Wang Zilong, Shao Wei, Mo Jianwen
The First Clinical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China.
Ganzhou Key Laboratory of Osteoporosis Research, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China.
Front Cardiovasc Med. 2025 May 30;12:1584745. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2025.1584745. eCollection 2025.
NLRP3 (NACHT, LRR, and PYD domains-containing protein 3) inflammasome is a critical regulator of inflammatory responses in the body and is closely associated with the inflammatory processes of various diseases. In recent years, research has increasingly focused on the role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in venous thromboembolism (VTE). Venous thromboembolism is a common and potentially fatal vascular disease with a complex pathophysiology involving multiple cellular and molecular pathways. The NLRP3 inflammasome activates caspase-1 downstream, facilitating the maturation and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β and IL-18, triggering local and systemic inflammatory responses. These inflammatory reactions can promote the recruitment and activation of immune cells (such as monocytes and neutrophils), platelet activation, endothelial cell damage, and aggregation, ultimately leading to thrombus formation. Additionally, the interaction of the NLRP3 inflammasome with the coagulation system further exacerbates the risk of thrombosis. In summary, the NLRP3 inflammasome plays a critical role in the development of venous thrombosis, and interventions targeting it may offer new insights and strategies for the prevention and treatment of venous thrombosis. This review provides an overview of the current understanding of how the NLRP3 inflammasome promotes venous thrombosis, highlighting recent preclinical research advancements and potential therapeutic agents in this field.
NLRP3（含NACHT、LRR和PYD结构域蛋白3）炎性小体是体内炎症反应的关键调节因子，与多种疾病的炎症过程密切相关。近年来，研究越来越关注NLRP3炎性小体在静脉血栓栓塞症（VTE）中的作用。静脉血栓栓塞症是一种常见且可能致命的血管疾病，其病理生理过程复杂，涉及多个细胞和分子途径。NLRP3炎性小体激活下游的半胱天冬酶-1，促进促炎细胞因子如IL-1β和IL-18的成熟和分泌，引发局部和全身炎症反应。这些炎症反应可促进免疫细胞（如单核细胞和中性粒细胞）的募集和激活、血小板活化、内皮细胞损伤和聚集，最终导致血栓形成。此外，NLRP3炎性小体与凝血系统的相互作用进一步加剧了血栓形成的风险。总之，NLRP3炎性小体在静脉血栓形成过程中起关键作用，针对它的干预措施可能为静脉血栓的预防和治疗提供新的见解和策略。本文综述了目前对NLRP3炎性小体如何促进静脉血栓形成的理解，重点介绍了该领域最近的临床前研究进展和潜在的治疗药物。
