Ma Ru, Zhang Zhenggui, Wang Jian, Han Yingchun, Li Ke, Hou Mengyao, Lei Yaping, Xiong Shiwu, Yang Beifang, Zhi Xiaoyu, Jiao Yahui, Lin Tao, Zhang Shijie, Li Yabing
Zhengzhou Research Base, State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization, School of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.
State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, China.
Front Microbiol. 2025 Jun 2;16:1615142. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2025.1615142. eCollection 2025.
Integrating green manure with reduced nitrogen (N) fertilization is a promising strategy to mitigate N emissions in intensive cotton cultivation, however, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study investigated the effects of three green manure incorporation patterns-no green manure (NG), (OVG), and (VVG)-combined with four N reduction levels (100, 50, 25%, and conventional) on gaseous N emissions (NH and NO), soil physicochemical properties, and bacterial community characteristics using a cotton field experiment in the Yellow River Basin. Results showed that OVG incorporation with 25% N reduction (N2 treatment) significantly reduced total gaseous N emissions by 36.07% on average during the cotton growth period, reducing NH and NO emissions by 13.31-54.11% and 32.25-68.77%, respectively, compared with N2 application without OVG. OVG application also increased the relative abundance of Proteobacteria (28.10%), enhanced heterogeneous selection in bacterial community assembly (200%), and increased the complexity of co-occurrence networks, compared with NG. Compared with conventional N fertilization (N3 treatment), ≥50% N reduction significantly lowered NH (>25.51%) and NO (>32.76%) emissions, reduced the relative abundance of Acidobacteria (-20.23%), simplified co-occurrence networks, and increased homogeneous selection in bacterial assembly (50.00%). Integrating green manure with 25% N reduction substantially reduced gaseous N emissions, which was associated with the enhanced microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and facilitated recruitment of key bacterial taxa (e.g., , , ) within the microbial co-occurrence network. These findings provide insight into how green manure application coupled with N reduction can mitigate gaseous N losses and reshape soil microbial ecology, offering a theoretical basis for sustainable nutrient management during cotton production.
在集约化棉花种植中，将绿肥与减少氮肥施用量相结合是减少氮排放的一种有前景的策略，然而，其潜在机制仍知之甚少。本研究在黄河流域的棉田进行试验，研究了三种绿肥施用模式——不施绿肥（NG）、（OVG）和（VVG）——与四个氮肥减量水平（100%、50%、25%和常规用量）对气态氮排放（NH和NO）、土壤理化性质以及细菌群落特征的影响。结果表明，与不施用OVG的N2处理相比，施用OVG并减少25%氮肥用量（N2处理）在棉花生长期间平均显著降低了36.07%的气态氮总排放量，分别减少了13.31% - 54.11%的NH排放量和32.25% - 68.77%的NO排放量。与NG相比，施用OVG还增加了变形菌门的相对丰度（28.10%），增强了细菌群落组装中的异质性选择（200%），并增加了共现网络的复杂性。与常规氮肥施用（N3处理）相比，氮肥减量≥50%显著降低了NH排放量（>25.51%）和NO排放量（>32.76%），降低了酸杆菌门的相对丰度（-20.23%），简化了共现网络，并增加了细菌组装中的同质性选择（50.00%）。将绿肥与减少25%氮肥用量相结合可大幅减少气态氮排放，这与微生物生物量碳（MBC）的增加以及微生物共现网络中关键细菌类群（如，，）的促进招募有关。这些发现为绿肥施用与氮肥减量如何减少气态氮损失和重塑土壤微生物生态提供了见解，为棉花生产中的可持续养分管理提供了理论依据。
