奥塔哥运动计划对预防跌倒的效果：一项系统评价与荟萃分析。
The Otago Exercise Program's effect on fall prevention: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
作者信息
Wang Chenyu, Kim Sung Min
机构信息
Department of Sport Science, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Department of Physical Education, Human-Tech Convergence Program, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
出版信息
Front Public Health. 2025 Jun 3;13:1522952. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2025.1522952. eCollection 2025.
OBJECTIVES
This study aims to compare the effectiveness of the Otago Exercise Program (OEP) in fall prevention between generally healthy older adults and those with compromised health conditions, assessing which group benefits more from the intervention.
DESIGN
This meta-analysis evaluated the effectiveness of the OEP in fall prevention among general older adults and older adults with compromised health, including individuals at high risk of falls, cognitive impairment, musculoskeletal disorders, or frailty syndrome.
METHODS
A comprehensive search was conducted in Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Embase, following strict eligibility criteria. Data extraction, risk of bias assessment, and meta-analysis were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention.
RESULTS
Fifteen studies with 1,278 participants were included. The OEP significantly improved balance (WMD = 0.15, 95% CI [-0.05, 0.35]), gait (WMD = 0.49, 95% CI [0.18, 0.80]), and lower limb strength (WMD = 0.84, 95% CI [0.61, 1.07]) in general older adults. The effects were more pronounced in older adults with compromised health, particularly in gait, particularly in gait (WMD = 0.92, 95% CI [0.13, 1.72]) and lower limb strength (WMD = 2.24, 95% CI [1.04, 3.45]). However, the OEP did not significantly improve physical function or upper limb strength in either group.
CONCLUSION
The OEP effectively improves balance, gait, and lower limb strength, especially in older adults with compromised health. However, it does not significantly impact physical function or upper limb strength. This study has limitations, including potential bias, study heterogeneity, and variations in interventions, which may affect result reliability. A cautious interpretation is needed, and future research should focus on analyzing diverse populations and ensuring adequately sized samples to enhance the reliability of the findings.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
PROSPERO (CRD42024549302), https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD42024549302.
目的
本研究旨在比较奥塔哥运动计划（OEP）在预防一般健康的老年人和健康状况不佳的老年人跌倒方面的效果，评估哪一组从该干预措施中获益更多。
设计
这项荟萃分析评估了奥塔哥运动计划在预防一般老年人和健康状况不佳的老年人跌倒方面的效果，这些老年人包括跌倒高风险者、认知障碍者、肌肉骨骼疾病患者或衰弱综合征患者。
方法
按照严格的纳入标准，在科学网、PubMed、Scopus、Cochrane图书馆和Embase中进行了全面检索。进行了数据提取、偏倚风险评估和荟萃分析，以评估该干预措施的效果。
结果
纳入了15项研究，共1278名参与者。奥塔哥运动计划显著改善了一般老年人的平衡能力（加权均数差[WMD]=0.15，95%置信区间[-0.05, 0.35]）、步态（WMD=0.49，95%置信区间[0.18, 0.80]）和下肢力量（WMD=0.84，95%置信区间[0.61, 1.07]）。在健康状况不佳的老年人中，效果更为明显，尤其是在步态方面（WMD=0.92，95%置信区间[0.13, 1.72]）和下肢力量方面（WMD=2.24，95%置信区间[1.04, 3.45]）。然而，奥塔哥运动计划在两组中均未显著改善身体功能或上肢力量。
结论
奥塔哥运动计划有效地改善了平衡能力、步态和下肢力量，尤其是在健康状况不佳的老年人中。然而，它对身体功能或上肢力量没有显著影响。本研究存在局限性，包括潜在的偏倚、研究异质性和干预措施的差异，这些可能会影响结果的可靠性。需要谨慎解读，未来的研究应侧重于分析不同人群并确保样本量足够大，以提高研究结果的可靠性。
系统评价注册
PROSPERO（CRD42024549302），https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/view/CRD42024549302。
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