Pulmonary arterial hypertension treatment. A new era.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive and life-threatening condition characterized by elevated pulmonary vascular resistance, ultimately leading to right heart failure and death. Advances in the understanding of PAH pathophysiology have driven the development of targeted therapies that improve functional capacity, quality of life and survival. The current treatment paradigm emphasizes early and aggressive therapy, with combination therapy now considered standard of care, offering superior outcomes compared to monotherapy. Herewith, we examine the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of PAH and explore the modes of action and clinical efficacy of major therapeutic classes, providing a comprehensive overview of contemporary treatment strategies.