Briones-Valdivieso Camilo, Nuñez Claudia, Celis Andrés, Araneda Jaqueline, Cristi-Montero Carlos, O'Donovan Gary, Celis-Morales Carlos, Deo Salil V, Petermann-Rocha Fanny
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Diego Portales, Santiago, Chile.
Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de los Andes, Santiago, Chile.
PLoS One. 2025 Jun 18;20(6):e0325519. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0325519. eCollection 2025.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains a leading cause of death and disability worldwide, including Chile. While mortality rates from CVD are well-documented, the associated burden of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and the impact of key modifiable risk factors have yet to be fully explored. This study aims to describe the temporal trends of CVD-related DALYs in Chile, stratified by gender, and to identify the primary risk factors contributing to this burden. An ecological study was conducted using data from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. We analysed age-standardised DALYs rates for overall and specific CVDs in Chile from 1990 to 2021. For the year 2021, we calculated the percentage distribution of DALYs by CVD type. Where applicable, CVDs were examined in relation to behavioural, metabolic, and environmental risk factors, and relative changes in DALYs over time. Over the last three decades, the overall CVD DALYs rate in Chile decreased substantially. Ischaemic heart disease and stroke accounted for most of the CVD burden, with gender differences observed. Stroke predominated in females and ischaemic heart disease in males. Metabolic risk factors, particularly high systolic blood pressure (SBP), were the most significant contributors to CVD DALYs, followed by behavioural and environmental risk factors. Although the rates of CVD DALYs have declined significantly in Chile during the past three decades, the burden remains substantial and with gender-specific differences. Metabolic risk factors, especially high SBP, followed by behavioural and environmental factors, remain key contributors to CVD, highlighting the need for continued public health efforts focused on multi-level interventions to reduce the impact of these risk factors on cardiovascular health, such as adopting lower blood pressure goals among older people.
心血管疾病（CVD）仍然是包括智利在内的全球死亡和残疾的主要原因。虽然心血管疾病的死亡率已有充分记录，但相关的残疾调整生命年（DALY）负担以及关键可改变风险因素的影响尚未得到充分探讨。本研究旨在描述智利按性别分层的心血管疾病相关DALY的时间趋势，并确定造成这一负担的主要风险因素。利用全球疾病负担研究2021年的数据进行了一项生态研究。我们分析了1990年至2021年智利总体和特定心血管疾病的年龄标准化DALY率。对于2021年，我们计算了按心血管疾病类型划分的DALY百分比分布。在适用的情况下，研究了心血管疾病与行为、代谢和环境风险因素的关系，以及DALY随时间的相对变化。在过去三十年中，智利心血管疾病的总体DALY率大幅下降。缺血性心脏病和中风占心血管疾病负担的大部分，存在性别差异。中风在女性中占主导地位，缺血性心脏病在男性中占主导地位。代谢风险因素，特别是高收缩压（SBP），是心血管疾病DALY的最重要贡献因素，其次是行为和环境风险因素。尽管在过去三十年中智利心血管疾病DALY率显著下降，但负担仍然很重，且存在性别差异。代谢风险因素，尤其是高SBP，其次是行为和环境因素，仍然是心血管疾病的主要贡献因素，这突出表明需要继续开展公共卫生工作，重点是采取多层次干预措施，以减少这些风险因素对心血管健康的影响，例如在老年人中采用更低的血压目标。
