Bryś Maciej Sylwester, Olszewski Krzysztof, Strachecka Aneta
Department of Invertebrate Ecophysiology and Experimental Biology, Faculty of Environmental Biology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland.
Subdepartment of Apidology, Institute of Biological Basis of Animal Production, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland.
PLoS One. 2025 Jun 18;20(6):e0326175. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0326175. eCollection 2025.
The homogenization of landscapes through the introduction of large-scale farms, the decline of biodiversity conditioned by high summer temperatures and dry weather, as well as the expansion of alien species determine the monodiet feeding of honeybees. In this study, we investigated the effect of monopollen feeding regimens (containing hazel, rapeseed, pine, buckwheat, Phacelia, and goldenrod) on the activity of the proteolytic system in the tergite 3, tergite 5 or sternite apian fat body, and hemolymph. We showed that pollen from rapeseed, Phacelia, buckwheat, and goldenrod increased the activities of acidic, neutral, and alkaline proteases and their inhibitors in the fat body and hemolymph when compared to the group fed with sugar candy only. The activities of proteases and their inhibitors in bees fed with pollen from hazel and pine were usually higher compared to the activities of honeybees fed with sugar candy only, but lower than in workers fed sugar candy with the pollen of entomophilous plants. Moreover, when comparing the proteolytic system activity between localizations/segments, the highest values were observed in tergite 5, regardless of what age the bees were and whether they were fed candy with added pollen. It is important to understand the impact of individual types of pollen in the context of potential future monodiets. Furthermore, the beneficial impact of Phacelia pollen to drive the rise of protease and protease inhibitor activities, helping to counteract negative environmental factors, can be supported by introducing, for example, flower mixtures for the insects or pollen-supplemented sugar candies for bees during periods without access to pollen.
通过引入大规模农场实现景观同质化、受夏季高温和干旱天气影响生物多样性下降以及外来物种扩张，这些因素决定了蜜蜂的单一饮食喂养方式。在本研究中，我们调查了单一花粉喂养方案（包含榛子、油菜籽、松树、荞麦、天蓝苜蓿和一枝黄花花粉）对蜜蜂第三背板、第五背板或腹板的脂肪体以及血淋巴中蛋白水解系统活性的影响。我们发现，与仅喂食糖果的组相比，油菜籽、天蓝苜蓿、荞麦和一枝黄花的花粉增加了脂肪体和血淋巴中酸性、中性和碱性蛋白酶及其抑制剂的活性。与仅喂食糖果的蜜蜂相比，喂食榛子和松花粉的蜜蜂中蛋白酶及其抑制剂的活性通常更高，但低于喂食含有虫媒植物花粉的糖果的工蜂。此外，在比较不同部位/节段之间的蛋白水解系统活性时，无论蜜蜂年龄大小以及是否喂食添加了花粉的糖果，在第五背板中观察到的活性值最高。了解未来潜在单一饮食背景下个别类型花粉的影响非常重要。此外，例如在蜜蜂无法获取花粉的时期，为昆虫引入花卉混合物或为蜜蜂提供添加花粉的糖果，可以支持天蓝苜蓿花粉对提高蛋白酶和蛋白酶抑制剂活性的有益影响，有助于抵消负面环境因素。
