Yuan Ziyu, Zhu Yao, Wu Haiyan, Wang Fei, Yin Yuhao, Qian Long, Dai Yuting, Zhang Tao, Yang Donya, Yu Longbao, Qiu Fengxian
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
School of Agricultural Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces. 2025 Jun 16;254:114882. doi: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2025.114882.
Dopamine (DA) is a crucial neurotransmitter, however, its excessive use can lead to its accumulation as a micropollutant in aquatic ecosystems, thereby presenting various health risks to humans. Consequently, the accurate determination of dopamine levels is of paramount importance and has attracted considerable attention within scientific and regulatory communities. In this work, a ternary composite material (Cu-MOF/MXene/CNTs, MMC) based on copper-metal organic framework (Cu-MOF), the MXene and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) was developed using the hydrothermal method for sensitive electrochemical detection of DA. The prepared MMC possessed a stable structure derived from Cu-MOF, an extensive surface area attributed to MXenes, and numerous conductive channels formed by CNTs. Consequently, the modified MMC demonstrated high performance in DA detection. The electrochemical sensing capabilities of the MMC were assessed utilizing cyclic voltammetry (CV), and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) methodologies. Under the optimal conditions, a strong linear relationship was observed between peak current and DA concentration within the range of 0.1-50 µM, achieving a detection limit (LOD) as low as 0.035 µM. The modified MMC sensor was utilized to quantify trace concentrations of DA in actual water samples, with recovery rates ranging from 97.3 % to 103 %, indicating satisfactory performance. Experiments were conducted to demonstrate that this composite material exhibited significant selectivity for metal ions and met related objectives. It was also shown acceptable stability over a period of 30 days and a commendable reproducibility, with a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 0.3 % across different production batches. Moreover, a comprehensive investigation was undertaken into the kinetics and underlying mechanisms of the electrochemical reaction. The transfer of electrons and hydrogen ions facilitated the transformation of DA into dopaminoquinones (DQ), a process that was accelerated by the increased availability of active sites in the designed sensor. This work introduces a method for the precise detection of DA utilizing the active sites and conductive pathways offered by the synergistic effect of MOF, CNTs and MXene, which have excellent performance in both laboratory and real environment, indicating that the proposed sensor is highly effective for detecting DA in water samples.
多巴胺（DA）是一种关键的神经递质，然而，其过量使用会导致它作为一种微污染物在水生生态系统中积累，从而给人类带来各种健康风险。因此，准确测定多巴胺水平至关重要，并已引起科学界和监管机构的广泛关注。在这项工作中，采用水热法制备了一种基于铜基金属有机框架（Cu-MOF）、MXene和碳纳米管（CNTs）的三元复合材料（Cu-MOF/MXene/CNTs，MMC），用于灵敏地电化学检测多巴胺。制备的MMC具有源自Cu-MOF的稳定结构、归因于MXene的大表面积以及由CNTs形成的众多导电通道。因此，修饰后的MMC在多巴胺检测中表现出高性能。利用循环伏安法（CV）和差分脉冲伏安法（DPV）评估了MMC的电化学传感能力。在最佳条件下，在0.1 - 50 μM范围内观察到峰电流与多巴胺浓度之间存在强线性关系，检测限（LOD）低至0.035 μM。修饰后的MMC传感器用于定量实际水样中痕量浓度的多巴胺，回收率在97.3%至103%之间，表明性能良好。进行实验以证明这种复合材料对金属离子具有显著的选择性并达到相关目标。还表明在30天内具有可接受的稳定性和良好的重现性，不同生产批次的相对标准偏差（RSD）为0.3%。此外，对电化学反应的动力学和潜在机制进行了全面研究。电子和氢离子的转移促进了多巴胺向多巴胺醌（DQ）的转化，这一过程因设计传感器中活性位点可用性的增加而加速。这项工作介绍了一种利用MOF、CNTs和MXene协同效应提供的活性位点和导电途径精确检测多巴胺的方法，该方法在实验室和实际环境中均具有优异性能，表明所提出的传感器对于检测水样中的多巴胺非常有效。
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