Andino-Molina Mauricio, Abdel-Glil Mostafa, Hidalgo-Villeda Fanny, Tzoc Edgardo, Schmoock Gernot, Pletz Mathias W, Neubauer Heinrich, Seyboldt Christian
Grupo de Investigación en Microbiología One Health (GIMOH), Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología (IIM) & Escuela de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de Honduras, Tegucigalpa, Honduras; Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (Federal Research Institute for Animal Health), Jena, Germany; Institute for Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital-Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany.
Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (Federal Research Institute for Animal Health), Jena, Germany; Institute for Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Jena University Hospital-Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany.
J Hosp Infect. 2025 Jun 16. doi: 10.1016/j.jhin.2025.06.001.
Clostridioides (C.) difficile is an anaerobic enteropathogen of clinical relevance in hospital and community settings. Its ubiquitous presence in pets, livestock, food, and the environment, together with its ability to form spores, facilitates its survival and spread. Hypervirulent and multidrug-resistant genotypes have been previously reported from Central America.
To characterize thirty-one isolates from patients of two major hospitals in Honduras.
second- and third-generation whole genome sequencing (WGS) and phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST).
Two toxigenic PCR-ribotypes RT027 (ST1) and RT002 (ST8) were detected. All RT027/ST1 isolates (n=29) were resistant to moxifloxacin, tetracycline and linezolid, whereas RT002/ST8 isolates (n=2) were susceptible. In addition, a number of mobile genetic elements (MGE) associated with antimicrobial resistance were found in all RT027 isolates. Notably, core genome multilocus sequence typing and core genome single nucleotide polymorphism analysis demonstrated the close genetic relationship among RT027/ST1 isolates, their persistence since 2016, and an interhospital transfer event with unknown sanitary and economic consequences. In addition, RT002, a genotype with known implications for community-acquired C. difficile infection (CA-CDI) and possible zoonotic implications, is a remarkable finding in the national epidemiologic context.
Taken together, our findings highlight the presence of persistent and community-relevant C. difficile strains and the consequent need to adopt and develop interventions to control and prevent CDI in the Honduran national health system within a One Health research approach.
艰难梭菌是医院和社区环境中具有临床相关性的厌氧肠道病原体。它在宠物、家畜、食物和环境中普遍存在，加上其形成孢子的能力，有利于其生存和传播。此前从中美洲报道过超毒力和多重耐药基因型。
对洪都拉斯两家主要医院患者的31株分离株进行特征分析。
二代和三代全基因组测序（WGS）以及表型抗菌药物敏感性试验（AST）。
检测到两种产毒PCR核糖体分型RT027（ST1）和RT002（ST8）。所有RT027/ST1分离株（n = 29）对莫西沙星、四环素和利奈唑胺耐药，而RT002/ST8分离株（n = 2）敏感。此外，在所有RT027分离株中发现了一些与抗菌药物耐药性相关的移动遗传元件（MGE）。值得注意的是，核心基因组多位点序列分型和核心基因组单核苷酸多态性分析表明，RT027/ST1分离株之间存在密切的遗传关系，它们自2016年以来持续存在，并且发生了一次医院间转移事件，其卫生和经济后果不明。此外，RT002是一种对社区获得性艰难梭菌感染（CA-CDI）有已知影响且可能有人畜共患病影响的基因型，在国家流行病学背景下是一个显著发现。
综上所述，我们的研究结果突出了持续存在且与社区相关的艰难梭菌菌株的存在，以及因此需要在“同一个健康”研究方法下，在洪都拉斯国家卫生系统中采用和制定控制和预防CDI的干预措施。
