Rout Bichhinna Maitri, Sureja Amish Kumar, Verma Manjusha
Division of Vegetable Science, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India.
The Graduate School, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi, 110012 India.
3 Biotech. 2025 Jul;15(7):214. doi: 10.1007/s13205-025-04383-6. Epub 2025 Jun 16.
During a field survey at the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, the bitter gourd ( L.) cv. Pusa Do Mausami showed prominent symptoms characterized by severe yellow mosaic and leaf curling. Through leaf-dip transmission electron microscopy and PCR assays, the presence of bhendi yellow vein mosaic virus, BYVMV () was confirmed. Sequencing of Pusa Do Mausami (PDM-1, PDM-2) isolates (OR712889, OR712890) revealed 97% similarity to an Indian BYVMV isolate. Comparative analysis revealed a close genetic relationship (92-97%) between the PDM BYVMV isolates and other strains found in vegetable crops from different countries. The Ramachandran plot analysis confirmed that the predicted βC1 region of BYVMV exhibits a structurally reliable conformation, with most residues occupying favoured stereochemical regions. Structural analysis of the βC1 region of the BYVMV revealed moderate model reliability for the sequence OR712889 (GMQE: 0.47, QMEANDisCo Global: 0.46 ± 0.12). Motif analysis of the βC1 region of the BYVMV revealed critical functional domains, including the Geminivirus movement protein domain, that are essential for viral movement and systemic infection. Phylogenetic analysis revealed distinct evolutionary relationships, with isolates (OR712889, OR712890 respectively) clustering with related strains globally, particularly with a bitter gourd yellow mosaic virus, BgYMV () isolate from India, which was supported by a strong 94% bootstrap confidence level. Biological validation revealed successful BYVMV transmission to okra via whiteflies, with 100% infection in 14-day-old seedlings, resembling natural symptoms. The present findings are the first to reveal the association of BYVMV with bitter gourd in India, highlighting its genetic similarities and evolutionary links. These results emphasize the need for effective disease management to increase crop productivity.
在新德里印度农业研究所进行的一次实地调查中，苦瓜（L.）品种Pusa Do Mausami表现出明显症状，其特征为严重的黄色花叶病和叶片卷曲。通过叶浸式透射电子显微镜和聚合酶链式反应检测，证实了存在黄秋葵黄脉花叶病毒（BYVMV）。对Pusa Do Mausami（PDM - 1、PDM - 2）分离株（OR712889、OR712890）进行测序后发现，它们与印度的一种BYVMV分离株有97%的相似性。比较分析表明，PDM BYVMV分离株与在不同国家蔬菜作物中发现的其他毒株之间存在密切的遗传关系（92 - 97%）。拉马钱德兰图分析证实，BYVMV预测的βC1区域呈现出结构上可靠的构象，大多数残基占据有利的立体化学区域。对BYVMV的βC1区域进行结构分析发现，序列OR712889的模型可靠性中等（GMQE：0.47，QMEANDisCo Global：0.46 ± 0.12）。对BYVMV的βC1区域进行基序分析发现了关键功能域，包括双生病毒运动蛋白结构域，这些结构域对于病毒运动和系统感染至关重要。系统发育分析揭示了不同的进化关系，分离株（分别为OR712889、OR712890）与全球相关毒株聚类，特别是与来自印度的苦瓜黄花叶病毒（BgYMV）分离株聚类，其自展置信水平高达94%，得到了有力支持。生物学验证表明，BYVMV可通过粉虱成功传播至秋葵，14日龄幼苗感染率达100%，症状与自然症状相似。目前的研究结果首次揭示了BYVMV与印度苦瓜的关联，突出了其遗传相似性和进化联系。这些结果强调了有效病害管理以提高作物生产力的必要性。
