Mortality after transcatheter aortic valve replacement in young multimorbid patients as compared to an age-, gender- and comorbidity-matched background population.

INTRODUCTION

Contrary to the current guidelines patients with symptomatic severe aortic stenosis and ≤65 years of age are often referred for transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). However, the outcome after TAVR in this patient cohort remains unclear.

OBJECTIVES

This study aimed to assess the rationale for denial of surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) in young multimorbid patients referred for TAVR, to evaluate 3-year all-cause mortality and to compare outcomes with a matched control cohort.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Retrospective data were collected on all consecutive patients ≤65 years of age with severe aortic stenosis treated with TAVR at 9 centres between 2010 and 2019. The TAVR-population was compared with a 1:4 age-, gender-, and comorbidity-matched population obtained from the Danish National Registries.

RESULTS

The study population consisted of 459 TAVR-recipients and 1,836 matched registry-controls. The main reasons for SAVR denial were prior cardiac surgery (35%), lung disease (30%) and frailty (23%). The 3-year all-cause mortality was 34% in the TAVR-group compared with 8% in the age-, gender- and comorbidity-matched controls with a hazard ratio (HR) of 6.5 (95% CI 4.5-9.6;  < 0.001). Patients undergoing TAVR with an active chronic disease (heart failure, lung disease, dialysis) had a 3-year all-cause mortality HR of 1.8-2.4 compared with controls. Overall, 3-year mortality rates in these distinct TAVR-subgroups were high (30%-50%) irrespective of the underlying condition.

CONCLUSIONS

Young, multimorbid aortic stenosis patients aged ≤65 years and treated with TAVR between 2010 and 2019 have increased medium-term all-cause mortality compared with an age-, gender- and comorbidity-matched background population.