Biomimetic models in radiotherapy research: An essential bridge between bench and beam.

Biomimetic in vitro models that more accurately replicate tumor and microenvironmental complexity are transforming radiotherapy research. Unlike traditional 2D cell lines, 3D models such as organoids and organ-on-chips capture key determinants of radiation sensitivity and resistance, improving translational relevance. Broader adoption of these systems promises to bridge the gap between laboratory research and clinical radiotherapy, enabling more effective biomarker discovery and therapeutic innovation.