Zambry Nor Syafirah, Prathaban Sushmeeka Nair, Ibrahim Fatimah, Thiha Aung, Karajacob Alexandria Sonia, Jamaluddin Nurul Fauzani, Omar Sharifah Faridah Syed, Shariffuddin Ina Ismiarti, Bustam Aidawati, Tay Sun Tee
Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Centre for Innovation in Medical Engineering (CIME), Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Mikrochim Acta. 2025 Jun 20;192(7):437. doi: 10.1007/s00604-025-07252-4.
The fabrication of a simple, label-free, electrochemical immunosensor for C-reactive protein (CRP) detection is presented using a custom-designed printed circuit board (PCB) gold electrode. To enhance the sensitivity of the sensing platform, the surface of the gold working electrode was modified with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), leveraging its exceptional conductivity and biocompatibility. The label-free immunosensor operates on immunological principles, with anti-CRP antibodies covalently immobilized on the modified electrode to capture and quantify CRP levels, using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The immunosensor demonstrated high specificity to CRP, exhibiting a linear detection range of 1.25 to 80 μg/mL of CRP in 1 × PBS, and achieving a detection limit (LOD) of 0.745 µg/mL within 30 min. Notably, the immunosensor successfully detected CRP in human ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)-anticoagulated whole blood with a detection limit of 0.177 µg/mL, which is within the clinical range for sepsis (5 µg/mL). Furthermore, this immunosensor was able to detect CRP using only 2 µL of EDTA-anticoagulated whole blood samples. These findings highlight the potential of the CRP immunosensor platform for point-of-care (POC) testing in clinical settings, owing to its simple fabrication, ease of operation, low cost, and robust performance.
本文介绍了一种用于检测C反应蛋白(CRP)的简单、无标记电化学免疫传感器的制备方法,该传感器使用定制设计的印刷电路板(PCB)金电极。为了提高传感平台的灵敏度,利用多壁碳纳米管(MWCNT)优异的导电性和生物相容性对金工作电极表面进行了修饰。这种无标记免疫传感器基于免疫原理工作,通过将抗CRP抗体共价固定在修饰电极上,利用差分脉冲伏安法(DPV)来捕获和定量CRP水平。该免疫传感器对CRP表现出高特异性,在1×PBS中对CRP的线性检测范围为1.25至80μg/mL,在30分钟内检测限(LOD)达到0.745μg/mL。值得注意的是,该免疫传感器成功检测了人乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)抗凝全血中的CRP,检测限为0.177μg/mL,处于脓毒症的临床范围内(5μg/mL)。此外,这种免疫传感器仅使用2μL的EDTA抗凝全血样本就能检测CRP。这些发现突出了CRP免疫传感器平台在临床即时检测(POC)中的潜力,因其制备简单、操作简便、成本低且性能稳健。
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