亨廷顿病中活性依赖性巨胞饮增加源于亨廷顿蛋白单倍体不足。

Increased Activity-Dependent Bulk Endocytosis in Huntington's Disease Results From Huntingtin Haploinsufficiency.

作者信息

Tan Han C G, McAdam Robyn L, Morton Andrew, Cousin Michael A, Smillie Karen J

机构信息

Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, Hugh Robson Building, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.

Muir Maxwell Epilepsy Centre, Hugh Robson Building, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK.

出版信息

J Neurochem. 2025 Jun;169(6):e70134. doi: 10.1111/jnc.70134.

Abstract

Huntington's disease (HD) is a life-limiting, progressive monogenic neurodegenerative disorder characterised by chorea, hypokinesis and psychosocial symptoms. HD is characterised by a variable CAG expansion in exon 1 of the HTT gene, which encodes the huntingtin (htt) protein. This expansion results in an extended polyglutamine tract, which is widely thought to confer a toxic gain of function on the protein that is responsible for disease progression. Most individuals with HD are heterozygous for this mutation, meaning that loss of wild-type htt function may also contribute to disease pathology. We previously identified that the recycling of synaptic vesicle proteins at the presynapse was specifically disrupted in striatal neurons from a preclinical model of HD, the Htt knockin mouse. This defect was only revealed during high activity and, notably, was due to loss of wild-type htt function. The dominant endocytosis mode at the presynapse during high activity is activity-dependent bulk endocytosis (ADBE). Therefore, we determined whether dysfunction in this pathway was linked to this recycling defect. We revealed that three independent neuronal subtypes derived from Htt mice displayed enhanced recruitment, but no change in the extent of ADBE via the evoked uptake of fluid phase markers. Importantly, this phenotype was due to a loss of wild-type htt function, since depletion of htt in Htt neurons mimicked the defect, and removal of mutant htt from Htt neurons did not correct this dysfunction. Neurons from Htt mice, which mimic the human condition, also displayed increased activity-dependent triggering of ADBE, suggesting that htt haploinsufficiency may be responsible. This was confirmed by the inability of zinc finger proteins that selectively target mutant htt to correct this defect in Htt neurons. Therefore, htt haploinsufficiency drives dysfunction in a key endocytosis mode that is dominant during high neuronal activity, providing a potential mechanism for circuit dysfunction that results in neurodegeneration in later life in HD.

摘要

亨廷顿病(HD)是一种危及生命的进行性单基因神经退行性疾病,其特征为舞蹈症、运动功能减退和社会心理症状。HD的特点是HTT基因外显子1中的CAG重复序列发生可变扩增,该基因编码亨廷顿蛋白(htt)。这种扩增导致多聚谷氨酰胺序列延长,人们普遍认为这会赋予该蛋白一种毒性功能获得,从而导致疾病进展。大多数HD患者为该突变的杂合子,这意味着野生型htt功能的丧失也可能导致疾病病理变化。我们之前发现,在HD临床前模型Htt基因敲入小鼠的纹状体神经元中,突触前膜突触小泡蛋白的再循环被特异性破坏。这种缺陷仅在高活动状态下才会显现,值得注意的是,这是由于野生型htt功能丧失所致。高活动状态下突触前膜的主要内吞模式是活动依赖性批量内吞(ADBE)。因此,我们确定该途径的功能障碍是否与这种再循环缺陷有关。我们发现,源自Htt小鼠的三种独立神经元亚型表现出增强的募集,但通过诱捕液相标记物进行的ADBE程度没有变化。重要的是,这种表型是由于野生型htt功能丧失所致,因为Htt神经元中htt的耗尽模拟了这种缺陷,而从Htt神经元中去除突变型htt并不能纠正这种功能障碍。模拟人类病情的Htt小鼠的神经元也表现出ADBE的活动依赖性触发增加,这表明htt单倍剂量不足可能是原因。选择性靶向突变型htt的锌指蛋白无法纠正Htt神经元中的这种缺陷,从而证实了这一点。因此,htt单倍剂量不足导致了一种在高神经元活动期间占主导地位的关键内吞模式功能障碍,为导致HD患者晚年神经退行性变的回路功能障碍提供了一种潜在机制。

https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/a73b/12181757/475632842559/JNC-169-0-g008.jpg

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