Liu Ziyue, Huo Yapeng, Hu Zhiyong, Xu Yihan, Hao Baozhen, Yao Xinyi, Li Kai, Liu Sha
School of Public Health, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, China.
Yantai Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yantai, 264003, China.
Anal Bioanal Chem. 2025 Jun 21. doi: 10.1007/s00216-025-05968-z.
Microcystin-LR (MC-LR), one of the most highly toxic microcystins, is widely present in aquatic ecosystems. This review first outlines the hazardous risks posed by MC-LR to the environment and human health, and then examines current detection methods and their limitations. To address these challenges, the article systematically discusses recent progress in nanomaterials-enabled biosensors for MC-LR detection. The review explores applications of novel nanomaterials in MC-LR biosensing, including quantum dots (QDs), graphene, MXenes, semiconductor metal oxides (SMOs), metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs), metal nanomaterials, DNA nanostructures, and magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs). Through meticulous functionalization design, these nanomaterials significantly enhance the sensitivity and selectivity of diverse biosensors. Furthermore, the review examines various nanomaterials-enabled biosensing strategies, such as electrochemical, colorimetric, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), fluorometric, and dual-mode detection. These strategies demonstrate high efficiency and sensitivity, enabling rapid and accurate detection while providing reliable technological support for real-time monitoring. The review highlights significant improvements in detection performance facilitated by nanomaterials and underscores their unique advantages and promising potential for MC-LR detection. By comparing the advantages and limitations of different nanomaterials and biosensing strategies, this work synthesizes recent advancements, current challenges, and valuable insights for future research. Given rapid progress in materials science and sensing technologies, nanomaterials-enabled biosensors hold significant promise for MC-LR detection. This review is expected to provide substantial support for environmental monitoring, food safety, and public health security.
微囊藻毒素-LR（MC-LR）是毒性最强的微囊藻毒素之一，广泛存在于水生生态系统中。本综述首先概述了MC-LR对环境和人类健康构成的危害风险，然后考察了当前的检测方法及其局限性。为应对这些挑战，本文系统地讨论了用于MC-LR检测的纳米材料生物传感器的最新进展。该综述探讨了新型纳米材料在MC-LR生物传感中的应用，包括量子点（QDs）、石墨烯、MXenes、半导体金属氧化物（SMOs）、金属有机框架（MOFs）、共价有机框架（COFs）、金属纳米材料、DNA纳米结构和磁性纳米颗粒（MNPs）。通过精心的功能化设计，这些纳米材料显著提高了各种生物传感器的灵敏度和选择性。此外，该综述还考察了各种基于纳米材料的生物传感策略，如电化学、比色法、表面增强拉曼光谱（SERS）、荧光法和双模式检测。这些策略具有高效性和灵敏度，能够实现快速准确的检测，同时为实时监测提供可靠的技术支持。该综述强调了纳米材料在检测性能方面的显著改进，并强调了它们在MC-LR检测中的独特优势和广阔前景。通过比较不同纳米材料和生物传感策略的优缺点，本工作综合了近期的进展、当前的挑战以及对未来研究的宝贵见解。鉴于材料科学和传感技术的快速发展，基于纳米材料的生物传感器在MC-LR检测方面具有巨大的潜力。本综述有望为环境监测、食品安全和公共卫生安全提供有力支持。
