Molecular Science and Biomedicine Laboratory (MBL), State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou 350002, China.
ACS Nano. 2024 Nov 19;18(46):31713-31736. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.4c11857. Epub 2024 Nov 7.
Sensitive and quantitative detection of chemical and biological molecules for screening, diagnosis and monitoring diseases is essential to treatment planning and response monitoring. Electrochemical biosensors are fast, sensitive, and easy to miniaturize, which has led to rapid development in clinical diagnosis. Benefiting from their excellent molecular recognition ability and high programmability, DNA nanomaterials could overcome the Debye length of electrochemical biosensors by simple molecular design and are well suited as recognition elements for electrochemical biosensors. Therefore, to enhance the sensitivity and specificity of electrochemical biosensors, significant progress has been made in recent years by optimizing the DNA nanomaterials design. Here, the establishment of electrochemical sensing strategies based on DNA nanomaterials is reviewed in detail. First, the structural design of DNA nanomaterial is examined to enhance the sensitivity of electrochemical biosensors by improving recognition and overcoming Debye length. In addition, the strategies of electrical signal transduction and signal amplification based on DNA nanomaterials are reviewed, and the applications of DNA nanomaterial-based electrochemical biosensors and integrated devices in clinical diagnosis are further summarized. Finally, the main opportunities and challenges of DNA nanomaterial-based electrochemical biosensors in detecting disease biomarkers are presented in an aim to guide the design of DNA nanomaterial-based electrochemical devices with high sensitivity and specificity.
用于筛选、诊断和监测疾病的化学和生物分子的敏感和定量检测对于治疗计划和反应监测至关重要。电化学生物传感器快速、灵敏且易于小型化，这导致了临床诊断的快速发展。得益于其出色的分子识别能力和高度的可编程性，DNA 纳米材料可以通过简单的分子设计克服电化学生物传感器的德拜长度，非常适合作为电化学生物传感器的识别元件。因此，为了提高电化学生物传感器的灵敏度和特异性，近年来通过优化 DNA 纳米材料设计取得了重大进展。在这里，详细回顾了基于 DNA 纳米材料的电化学传感策略。首先，检查 DNA 纳米材料的结构设计，通过提高识别能力和克服德拜长度来增强电化学生物传感器的灵敏度。此外，还回顾了基于 DNA 纳米材料的电信号转导和信号放大策略，并进一步总结了基于 DNA 纳米材料的电化学生物传感器和集成设备在临床诊断中的应用。最后，提出了基于 DNA 纳米材料的电化学生物传感器在检测疾病生物标志物方面的主要机遇和挑战，旨在指导具有高灵敏度和特异性的基于 DNA 纳米材料的电化学器件设计。
