Foscari Aurelio, Herzke Dorte, Mowafi Riham, Seiwert Bettina, De Witte Bavo, Delbare Daan, Heras Gustavo Blanco, Gago Jesús, Reemtsma Thorsten
Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Department of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318 Leipzig, Germany.
NILU, Hjalmar Johansens gate 14, 9007 Tromsø, Norway.
Mar Pollut Bull. 2025 Oct;219:118311. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.118311. Epub 2025 Jun 20.
Little is known about the exposure of aquatic biota to tire and road wear particles (TRWP) washed away from roads. Mussels were exposed for 7 days to model TRWP (m-TRWP), produced by milling tire tread particles with pure sand, and analyzed for 21 tire-related compounds by liquid chromatography-high resolution-mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). Upon exposure to 0.5 g/L of m-TRWP, 15 compounds were determined from 944 μg/kg wet weight (diphenylguanidine, DPG) over 18 μg/kg for an oxidation product of N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6-PPDQ) to 0.6 μg/kg (4-hydroxydiphenyl amine). Transfer into mussels was highest for PTPD, DTPD and 6-PPDQ and orders of magnitude lower for 6-PPD. During 7 days depuration the concentration of all determined chemicals decreased to remaining concentrations between ~50 % (PTPD, DTPD) and 6 % (6-PPD). Suspect and non-target screening found 37 additional transformation products (TPs) of tire additives, many of which did not decrease in concentration during depuration, among them ten likely TPs of DPG, two of 6-PPD and PTPD and two of 1,2-dihydro-2,2,4-trimethylquinoline. A wide variety of chemicals is taken up by mussels upon exposure to m-TRWP and a wide range of TPs is formed, enabling the differentiation of biomarkers of exposure to TRWP and biomarkers of exposure to tire-associated chemicals.
对于水生生物接触从道路上冲刷下来的轮胎和道路磨损颗粒（TRWP）的情况，人们了解甚少。将贻贝暴露于通过用纯砂研磨轮胎胎面颗粒产生的模拟TRWP（m-TRWP）中7天，并通过液相色谱-高分辨率质谱（LC-HRMS）分析21种与轮胎相关的化合物。在暴露于0.5 g/L的m-TRWP后，从944 μg/kg湿重（二苯基胍，DPG）到N-（1,3-二甲基丁基）-N'-苯基-对苯二胺（6-PPDQ）的氧化产物超过18 μg/kg，再到0.6 μg/kg（4-羟基二苯胺），共测定出15种化合物。PTPD、DTPD和6-PPDQ向贻贝中的转移率最高，而6-PPD的转移率则低几个数量级。在7天的净化过程中，所有测定化学物质的浓度降至剩余浓度，范围在约50%（PTPD、DTPD）至6%（6-PPD）之间。可疑和非目标筛查发现了37种额外的轮胎添加剂转化产物（TPs），其中许多在净化过程中浓度并未降低，其中包括DPG的10种可能的TPs、6-PPD和PTPD的2种以及1,2-二氢-2,2,4-三甲基喹啉的2种。贻贝在暴露于m-TRWP时会摄取多种化学物质，并形成多种TPs，这使得能够区分TRWP暴露的生物标志物和与轮胎相关化学物质暴露的生物标志物。
