Saxena Somya, Mandrah Vineet, Tariq Wali, Das Papri, Sambhav Kumar, Devi Salam Himika
Internal Medicine, KD Medical College, Mathura, IND.
General Surgery, Chhindwara Institute of Medical Sciences, Chhindwara, IND.
Cureus. 2025 May 21;17(5):e84529. doi: 10.7759/cureus.84529. eCollection 2025 May.
In recent years, mRNA therapeutics have emerged as a promising platform in treating a wide range of diseases, including cancers, infections, genetic disorders, and autoimmune diseases. This review focuses on the clinical impact of mRNA-based treatments and their transformative potential in modern medicine. mRNA therapeutics utilize the host's cellular machinery to produce target proteins, enabling highly specific and customizable treatments. In the case of cancer, mRNA vaccines to stimulate immune responses against such tumor-specific antigens are being developed in a personalized manner. Infectious diseases are also an indication for which mRNA vaccines have shown a significant effect on preventing viral infection, as the global success of mRNA COVID vaccines demonstrates. Among genetic disorders, mRNA therapy presents a new way to restore defective proteins and reverse the underlying pattern of genetic defects. Furthermore, mRNA treatment of autoimmune diseases aims to generate immune tolerance and avoid traditional immunosuppressive therapy. Advances are being driven by the discovery of new technologies to stabilize, deliver, and modulate the immune system around mRNAs. Recent advances in delivery systems and RNA stabilization have further expanded the potential of mRNA vaccines for viral diseases. mRNA therapeutics have the advantage of being rapidly developed and adaptable to a wide range. Research on further improvement of the delivery mechanisms and long-term safety will be necessary for extending the clinical applications of mRNA therapeutics.
近年来，mRNA疗法已成为治疗多种疾病的一个有前景的平台，这些疾病包括癌症、感染性疾病、遗传性疾病和自身免疫性疾病。本综述聚焦于基于mRNA的治疗方法的临床影响及其在现代医学中的变革潜力。mRNA疗法利用宿主细胞机制来产生靶蛋白，从而实现高度特异性和可定制的治疗。在癌症方面，正在以个性化方式开发用于刺激针对此类肿瘤特异性抗原的免疫反应的mRNA疫苗。传染病也是mRNA疫苗已显示出对预防病毒感染有显著效果的一个适应症，正如mRNA新冠疫苗在全球取得的成功所证明的那样。在遗传性疾病中，mRNA疗法提供了一种恢复缺陷蛋白并逆转潜在遗传缺陷模式的新方法。此外，mRNA治疗自身免疫性疾病的目的是产生免疫耐受并避免传统的免疫抑制疗法。新技术的发现推动了在稳定、递送和调节围绕mRNA的免疫系统方面取得进展。递送系统和RNA稳定方面的最新进展进一步扩大了mRNA疫苗在病毒性疾病方面的潜力。mRNA疗法具有快速开发且适应范围广的优势。进一步改进递送机制和长期安全性的研究对于扩大mRNA疗法的临床应用将是必要的。
