Sapana Tamang, Zhuo Zhihong
Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Childhood Epilepsy and Immunology, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
Front Immunol. 2025 Jun 6;16:1594960. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2025.1594960. eCollection 2025.
Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) is a complex inflammatory central nervous system disorder affecting mainly children and young adults. Its diverse clinical spectrum often resembles other neurological diseases like multiple sclerosis (MS) or neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD). Accurate diagnosis and monitoring are challenging due to its heterogeneous presentation and lack of specific biomarkers. In addition, disease-modifying therapies are well-established for treating MS and NMOSD. In contrast, the absence of approved therapies for MOGAD remains a significant challenge in clinical management and should become a priority in future research efforts. This review explores existing literature on biomarkers in MOGAD, including clinical, radiological, and laboratory parameters along with novel biomarkers and the future challenges that can facilitate personalized therapeutic approaches in MOGAD. A comprehensive understanding of these biomarker profiles is crucial for optimizing patient care and advancing therapeutic strategies in neuroinflammatory disorders.
髓鞘少突胶质细胞糖蛋白抗体相关疾病（MOGAD）是一种复杂的炎症性中枢神经系统疾病，主要影响儿童和年轻人。其多样的临床谱常类似于其他神经系统疾病，如多发性硬化症（MS）或视神经脊髓炎谱系障碍（NMOSD）。由于其表现异质性且缺乏特异性生物标志物，准确诊断和监测具有挑战性。此外，针对MS和NMOSD的疾病修饰疗法已确立。相比之下，MOGAD缺乏获批疗法仍是临床管理中的重大挑战，应成为未来研究工作的重点。本综述探讨了关于MOGAD生物标志物的现有文献，包括临床、放射学和实验室参数以及新型生物标志物，以及有助于MOGAD个性化治疗方法的未来挑战。全面了解这些生物标志物概况对于优化患者护理和推进神经炎症性疾病的治疗策略至关重要。
