Vidakis Nectarios, Michailidis Nikolaos, Kalderis Dimitrios, Maravelakis Emmanuel, Papadakis Vassilis, Argyros Apostolos, Mountakis Nikolaos, Spyridaki Maria, Nasikas Nektarios, Petousis Markos
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Heraklion 71410, Greece.
Physical Metallurgy Laboratory, Mechanical Engineering Department, School of Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
ACS Omega. 2025 Jun 6;10(23):24980-24995. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.5c02525. eCollection 2025 Jun 17.
Environmentally friendly materials are emerging materials that find applications in an increasing number of cases when being three-dimensional printed (3D-P), as they can provide many possibilities and offer unique properties to fulfill industrial needs and requirements. As part of that effort, recycled (from sheet trimmings waste) poly-(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and (nature-sourced) biochar were selected to be combined and examined herein. Composites with Biochar concentration in the 0.0-10.0 wt % (step 2.0 wt %) range were assessed. Compounds were extruded into filaments, which fabricated coupons (material extrusion 3D-P) for the tests that followed. The samples were experimentally evaluated for their characteristics related to mechanical, chemical, rheological, and thermal behavior, as well as for their structure and morphology. Mechanical testing included tensile, bending, and Charpy Notched coupons' investigation. The microhardness was also measured. In addition, quality characteristics were assessed through porosity and dimensional deviation data analysis. The composite distinguished in relation to pure PMMA was PMMA/Biochar 6.0 wt % (>20% increase in the strength on the tensile and flexural experiment), as most of the investigated properties revealed their greatest values in that Biochar concentration. Furthermore, the eco-friendly biochar addition positively affected most of the recycled PMMA characterization metrics assessed, showing potential for the environmentally friendly composites developed herein for the 3D-P process.
环保材料是一种新兴材料，在越来越多的三维打印（3D-P）应用中被使用，因为它们能提供多种可能性并具有独特性能，以满足工业需求。作为这项工作的一部分，本文选择了回收的（来自片材边角料废料）聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA）和（天然来源的）生物炭进行组合和研究。评估了生物炭浓度在0.0-10.0 wt%（步长为2.0 wt%）范围内的复合材料。将这些化合物挤出成细丝，用于制造后续测试的试样（材料挤出3D-P）。对样品进行了机械、化学、流变和热行为等相关特性以及结构和形态的实验评估。机械测试包括拉伸、弯曲和夏比缺口试样的研究。还测量了显微硬度。此外，通过孔隙率和尺寸偏差数据分析评估了质量特性。与纯PMMA相比表现突出的复合材料是PMMA/生物炭6.0 wt%（在拉伸和弯曲实验中强度提高了20%以上），因为大多数研究性能在该生物炭浓度下显示出最大值。此外，添加环保生物炭对所评估的大多数回收PMMA表征指标产生了积极影响，表明本文开发的用于3D-P工艺的环保复合材料具有潜力。
