Al-Shahrani Saeed Mohammed, Shaher Bandar Mohammed, Alragea Yahya Mohammed, Ali Alqahtani Fatima Mohammad, Binghamiah Amjad Saeed Mansour, Alqahtani Mansour Ali Mansour, Mufrrih Saad Abdullah
Department of Family Medicine AFHSR Khamis Mushait Saudi Arabia.
J Family Med Prim Care. 2025 May;14(5):1685-1694. doi: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1476_24. Epub 2025 May 31.
Diabetic nephropathy is a frequent complication of diabetes mellitus, affecting a considerable proportion of patients. Despite confirmed rising prevalence worldwide, little is known about its epidemiology in Saudi Arabia or its connection to glycemic or lipid parameters.
This was a cross-sectional questionnaire-based observational study. We modeled the data using mixed effects logistic regression modeling.
Our sample was constituted of (n = 415) type 2 diabetes patients. The prevalence for diabetic nephropathy was [n = 17, 4.1% (95% confidence interval, CI: 3.7% to 4.4%)]. Unadjusted risk factors were older age profile, comorbid diabetic retinopathy, comorbid stroke, lower BMI, and injecting insulin. However, tobacco smoking, neuropathy, family history of diabetes, or renal disease did not bear any significant association with diabetes nephropathy among our participants. Risk factors related to glycemic and lipid profiles included initial FBG levels and HbA1c percentages and initial and later cholesterol and LDL levels. Initial and later HDL levels were protective from diabetic nephropathy. At the adjusted analysis, only the number of children (HR = 0.3151, = 0.02256) and triglyceride levels were associated with higher diabetic nephropathy risk (HR = 3.1709, = 0.03218).
Our estimate for diabetic nephropathy prevalence is exceedingly low compared to global figures. This may be related to impaired identification of diabetic nephropathy in Saudi Arabia. Our survey is the first in Saudi Arabia to confirm a link between reduced fertility and diabetic nephropathy. Our study, also, uniquely identifies a strong link between hypertriglyceridemia and diabetic nephropathy among Saudi patients.
糖尿病肾病是糖尿病常见的并发症，影响相当一部分患者。尽管全球患病率呈上升趋势已得到证实，但关于其在沙特阿拉伯的流行病学情况或与血糖及血脂参数的关联却知之甚少。
这是一项基于问卷调查的横断面观察性研究。我们使用混合效应逻辑回归模型对数据进行建模。
我们的样本由415名2型糖尿病患者组成。糖尿病肾病的患病率为[n = 17，4.1%（95%置信区间，CI：3.7%至4.4%）]。未经调整的风险因素包括年龄较大、合并糖尿病视网膜病变、合并中风、较低的体重指数以及注射胰岛素。然而，吸烟、神经病变、糖尿病家族史或肾脏疾病在我们的参与者中与糖尿病肾病并无显著关联。与血糖和血脂谱相关的风险因素包括初始空腹血糖水平、糖化血红蛋白百分比以及初始和后期的胆固醇及低密度脂蛋白水平。初始和后期的高密度脂蛋白水平对糖尿病肾病具有保护作用。在调整分析中，只有子女数量（HR = 0.3151，P = 0.02256）和甘油三酯水平与较高的糖尿病肾病风险相关（HR = 3.1709，P = 0.03218）。
与全球数据相比，我们对糖尿病肾病患病率的估计极低。这可能与沙特阿拉伯对糖尿病肾病的识别能力受损有关。我们的调查是沙特阿拉伯首次证实生育力降低与糖尿病肾病之间存在关联的研究。我们的研究还独特地确定了沙特患者中高甘油三酯血症与糖尿病肾病之间的紧密联系。
