Su Yina, Xu Guizhen, Wu Wei, Li Xiao, Chen Simin, Hong Shanni, Lin Xiahui
School of Medical Imaging, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian, P. R. China.
Department of Laboratory Medicine, The School of Medical Technology and Engineering, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350122, Fujian, P. R. China.
ACS Biomater Sci Eng. 2025 Jun 24. doi: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.5c00586.
Nanomotors (NMs) achieve autonomous motion by converting external energy into mechanical work, enabling them to perform complex tasks on demand. Among the various propulsion mechanisms for NMs, near-infrared (NIR) light propulsion has attracted significant attention due to its excellent biocompatibility, deep tissue penetration, minimal damage to normal tissues, precise on/off control, and rapid response. Furthermore, NIR propulsion can be integrated with other propulsion mechanisms to overcome the limitations of single-mode systems. In this review, we explore the design of NIR light-propelled NMs, categorizing their mechanisms into three types: (1) photothermal propulsion, (2) NIR light-triggered bubble propulsion, and (3) photothermal-bubble dual-driven propulsion systems. We also highlight the applications of NIR light-propelled NMs in treating diseases such as tumors, thrombosis, and bacterial infections. In addition, the challenges and future prospects for the development of NIR light-propelled NMs are also discussed.
纳米马达（NMs）通过将外部能量转化为机械功来实现自主运动，使其能够按需执行复杂任务。在纳米马达的各种推进机制中，近红外（NIR）光推进因其优异的生物相容性、深层组织穿透性、对正常组织的最小损伤、精确的开/关控制和快速响应而备受关注。此外，近红外推进可以与其他推进机制相结合，以克服单模系统的局限性。在这篇综述中，我们探讨了近红外光驱动的纳米马达的设计，将其机制分为三种类型：（1）光热推进，（2）近红外光触发的气泡推进，以及（3）光热-气泡双驱动推进系统。我们还强调了近红外光驱动的纳米马达在治疗肿瘤、血栓形成和细菌感染等疾病中的应用。此外，还讨论了近红外光驱动的纳米马达发展面临的挑战和未来前景。
