Wahid Mohd, Mandal Raju K, Sikander Mohammed, Khan Mohammad Rashid, Haque Shafiul, Nagda Nachiket, Ahmad Faraz, Rodriguez-Morales Alfonso J
Department of Nursing, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, 45142, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Medicine, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, 78504, USA.
J Epidemiol Glob Health. 2025 Jun 24;15(1):88. doi: 10.1007/s44197-025-00432-8.
Since 2022, outbreaks of monkeypox (Mpox), which is caused by the monkeypox virus (MPXV), have been documented in more than 116 nations, making it a serious danger to world health. Despite being self-limiting in most cases, Mpox can lead to severe illness and even death, especially among high-risk populations like the LGBTQI + community. Hence, there is an urgent need for effective prevention and treatment strategies, with vaccination playing a crucial role. This paper explores the safety and efficacy of three key vaccines; ACAM2000, JYNNEOS, and LC16 that are repurposed from smallpox vaccines to combat Mpox. ACAM2000, a replication-competent vaccinia virus vaccine, has shown high effectiveness but is associated with serious adverse reactions, including myocarditis and progressive vaccinia. JYNNEOS, a modified vaccinia Ankara vaccine, offers a more favorable safety profile with fewer severe side effects, demonstrating 82% vaccine effectiveness in preventing Mpox. LC16, another smallpox vaccine, shows strong protective efficacy in animal models and excellent safety outcomes in human trials. Our assessment of the available primary data suggests that amongst the three candidates, JYNNEOS emerges as the most promising candidate for widespread use due to its strong effectiveness and superior safety profile. However, while Mpox vaccines provide robust protection, their varying safety profiles highlight the need for tailored vaccination strategies based on individual health factors. The authors therefore emphasize balancing vaccine efficacy with safety risks, particularly in vulnerable populations. Further research and surveillance are essential to optimize vaccination strategies and control Mpox outbreaks worldwide.
自2022年以来，由猴痘病毒（MPXV）引起的猴痘（Mpox）疫情已在116多个国家有记录，对全球健康构成严重威胁。尽管在大多数情况下猴痘是自限性疾病，但它可能导致严重疾病甚至死亡，尤其是在LGBTQI+群体等高风险人群中。因此，迫切需要有效的预防和治疗策略，疫苗接种起着关键作用。本文探讨了三种关键疫苗的安全性和有效性；ACAM2000、JYNNEOS和LC16，它们是从小天花疫苗重新开发用于对抗猴痘的。ACAM2000是一种具有复制能力的痘苗病毒疫苗，已显示出高效性，但与严重不良反应相关，包括心肌炎和进行性牛痘。JYNNEOS是一种改良的安卡拉痘苗疫苗，安全性更好，严重副作用较少，在预防猴痘方面显示出82%的疫苗有效性。LC16是另一种天花疫苗，在动物模型中显示出强大的保护效力，在人体试验中显示出优异的安全性结果。我们对现有原始数据的评估表明，在这三种候选疫苗中，JYNNEOS因其强大的有效性和卓越的安全性而成为最有希望广泛使用的候选疫苗。然而，虽然猴痘疫苗提供了强大的保护，但它们不同的安全性特征凸显了根据个体健康因素制定个性化疫苗接种策略的必要性。因此，作者强调要在疫苗效力和安全风险之间取得平衡，特别是在弱势群体中。进一步的研究和监测对于优化疫苗接种策略和控制全球猴痘疫情至关重要。
