Shimshoni Jakob A, Barel Shimon
Department of Food Science, Institute for Postharvest and Food Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion 7505101, Israel.
Kimron Veterinary Institute, Department of Toxicology, Bet Dagan 50250, Israel.
Sci Total Environ. 2025 Jun 18;990:179902. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2025.179902.
The critical role of honeybees in pollination underscores their importance in sustaining global food production systems. Recent trends indicating a decline in honeybee populations have raised concerns, particularly in relation to their exposure to a range of xenobiotics. This review synthesizes existing research on the exposure of honeybees to various toxicants, including pesticides, antibiotics, environmental pollutants, and trace elements. It provides a detailed analysis of the acute and chronic toxic effects of these substances on individual bees, the queen, the brood, and, by extension, the entire colony. Emphasis is placed on the methodologies employed in toxicity testing and the resultant toxicological profiles, highlighting the risks associated with these exposures. This review also explores the underlying mechanisms of toxicity and delineates the complex detoxification strategies honeybees deploy against these xenobiotics. It is observed that susceptibility to these substances varies, with certain pesticides, antibiotics, and heavy metals demonstrating pronounced toxicity. The metabolic pathways involving detoxifying enzymes and the role of beeswax as a sequestration mechanism are discussed, noting the potential for chronic exposure risks.
蜜蜂在授粉过程中发挥的关键作用凸显了它们对维持全球粮食生产系统的重要性。近期蜜蜂种群数量下降的趋势引发了人们的担忧，尤其是它们接触一系列外来化合物的情况。这篇综述综合了现有的关于蜜蜂接触各种有毒物质的研究，包括农药、抗生素、环境污染物和微量元素。它详细分析了这些物质对个体蜜蜂、蜂王、幼虫，进而对整个蜂群的急性和慢性毒性作用。重点在于毒性测试中所采用的方法以及由此产生的毒理学特征，突出了与这些接触相关的风险。这篇综述还探讨了毒性的潜在机制，并阐述了蜜蜂针对这些外来化合物所采用的复杂解毒策略。可以观察到，蜜蜂对这些物质的易感性各不相同，某些农药、抗生素和重金属表现出明显的毒性。文中讨论了涉及解毒的代谢途径以及蜂蜡作为一种隔离机制的作用，并指出了慢性接触风险的可能性。
