Prasetya Kevin Daffa, You Sheng-Jie, Ni'am Achmad Chusnun, Wang Ya-Fen
Department of Civil Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Zhongli, Taoyuan 32023, Taiwan; Department of Environmental Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Zhongli, Taoyuan 32023, Taiwan; Center for Environmental Risk Management, Chung Yuan Christian University, Zhongli, Taoyuan 32023, Taiwan.
Department of Environmental Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Zhongli, Taoyuan 32023, Taiwan; Center for Environmental Risk Management, Chung Yuan Christian University, Zhongli, Taoyuan 32023, Taiwan.
J Hazard Mater. 2025 Sep 5;495:138969. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2025.138969. Epub 2025 Jun 16.
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are highly persistent and hazardous environmental contaminants that pose significant risks to human health and ecosystems. Their unique physicochemical characteristics such as hydrophobicity, oleophobicity, chemical and mechanical stability, and resistance to physicochemical and biological degradation, present considerable challenges for effective removal from aqueous matrices. Among available strategies, thermal treatment technologies have emerged as a promising approach due to their capacity for rapid PFAS degradation across diverse compound types and their high maturity. This critical review provides a comprehensive evaluation of recent advances in thermal treatment methods for PFAS in aqueous matrices. The focus is on innovative methods, such as microwave-assisted thermal treatment (MAT), supercritical water oxidation (SCWO), electrical discharge plasma (EDP), and atmospheric pressure plasma jet (APPJ). Several key aspects such as transformation mechanisms, the role of reactive radicals, the formation of incomplete by-products, defluorination rates, and the scalability of these technologies are critically analyzed. In addition, this review highlights key research gaps that remain and outlines perspective research directions for improving the effectiveness, environmental safety, and practical implementation of thermal treatment approaches in PFAS mitigation.
全氟和多氟烷基物质（PFAS）是高度持久且有害的环境污染物，对人类健康和生态系统构成重大风险。它们独特的物理化学特性，如疏水性、疏油性、化学和机械稳定性以及对物理化学和生物降解的抗性，给从水性基质中有效去除带来了巨大挑战。在现有策略中，热处理技术因其能够快速降解各种类型的PFAS且成熟度高，已成为一种有前景的方法。这篇综述全面评估了水性基质中PFAS热处理方法的最新进展。重点是创新方法，如微波辅助热处理（MAT）、超临界水氧化（SCWO）、放电等离子体（EDP）和大气压等离子体射流（APPJ）。对这些技术的转化机制、活性自由基的作用、不完全副产物的形成、脱氟率和可扩展性等几个关键方面进行了批判性分析。此外，本综述突出了仍然存在的关键研究空白，并概述了改善PFAS减排中热处理方法的有效性、环境安全性和实际应用的前瞻性研究方向。
