Poudyal Yogesh, Aryal Nishika, Rajbhandari Anuja, Ghimire Mukti, Acharya Sanjaya, Raut Shristi, Joshi Bishal, Pokharel Sunil, Cheah Phaik Yeong, Adhikari Bipin
Sarnath Skin Centre, Shanti Path, Bhairahawa, Nepal.
Department of Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.
PLOS Glob Public Health. 2025 Jun 24;5(6):e0004812. doi: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0004812. eCollection 2025.
Access to topical corticosteroids (TCs) globally includes over the counter (OTC) sale without proper guidelines, exacerbating treatment-resistant infections and complicating outcome of skin conditions. The main aim of the study was to evaluate the reasons behind OTC use of TCs among patients with skin conditions before attending a skin specialist clinic. This study was conducted from September 2021 to March 2022. The study included in-depth interviews (IDIs) and observations, among a total of thirty-one patients with specific skin conditions using TCs, at the Sarnath Skin Centre in Siddhartha Nagar (Bhairahawa), Nepal. All interviews were conducted in the Nepali language, audio-recorded, transcribed and translated into English and were coded and analyzed in NVivo. Among the 31 individuals diagnosed with Dermatophytosis, Melasma, Eczema, common treatments included use of Sonaderm (Clobetasol, Gentamycin and Miconazole), Derma-KT (Clobetasol, Gentamicin, Ketoconazole and Iodochlorhydroxyquinoline) and steroid-infused products from non-medical sources for prolonged periods of time, exposing patients to transient recovery and perpetuating a vicious cycle of OTC treatment seeking until patients failed to recover. OTC seeking was facilitated by participants' easy access to drug dispensers, suggestions from and practice of family and friends which often led to temporary relief for a few weeks/months. In addition, access factors (e.g., distance, cost, time), convenience factors (e.g., ease of presenting at the drug store compared to skin clinic) also influenced the choice for OTC. There was a lack of knowledge related to adverse effects of topical steroids, including proper guidance on the use of topical medications and limitations of home remedies. OTC use of topical medications poses significant challenges, often leading to complicated skin cases that present late at skin-specialist clinics. A multi-pronged public and community engagement approach is critical to curb the treatment seeking dynamics among patients developing skin conditions.
在全球范围内,外用皮质类固醇(TCs)的获取包括在没有适当指导原则的情况下非处方(OTC)销售,这加剧了治疗抵抗性感染,并使皮肤病的治疗结果复杂化。该研究的主要目的是评估皮肤病患者在前往皮肤科专科诊所就诊之前非处方使用TCs背后的原因。本研究于2021年9月至2022年3月进行。该研究包括对尼泊尔悉达多那加(巴拉哈瓦)萨尔纳特皮肤中心的31名使用TCs治疗特定皮肤病的患者进行深入访谈(IDIs)和观察。所有访谈均使用尼泊尔语进行,录音、转录并翻译成英语,然后在NVivo中进行编码和分析。在31名被诊断患有皮肤癣菌病、黄褐斑、湿疹的个体中,常见的治疗方法包括长期使用索纳德姆(氯倍他索、庆大霉素和咪康唑)、德玛-KT(氯倍他索、庆大霉素、酮康唑和氯碘羟喹啉)以及非医疗来源的含类固醇产品,这使患者经历短暂缓解,并使非处方治疗寻求的恶性循环持续存在,直到患者无法康复。参与者容易获得药品分发器、家人和朋友的建议及做法,这些因素促进了非处方治疗寻求行为,这通常会带来几周/几个月的暂时缓解。此外,获取因素(如距离、成本、时间)、便利因素(如与皮肤科诊所相比,在药店就诊更容易)也影响了非处方治疗的选择。人们对外用类固醇的不良反应缺乏了解,包括对外用药物使用的正确指导以及家庭疗法的局限性。非处方使用外用药物带来了重大挑战,往往导致复杂的皮肤病例在皮肤科专科诊所延迟就诊。采取多方面的公众和社区参与方法对于遏制皮肤病患者的治疗寻求动态至关重要。