Ishaq Muhammad, Jamal Syed Muhammad, Ali Sakhawat, Teodori Liana, Leone Alessandra, Bonfini Barbara, Spedicato Massimo, Savini Giovanni
Department of Biotechnology, University of Malakand, Chakdara, Pakistan.
Animal Quarantine Department, Ministry of National Food Security and Research, Peshawar, Pakistan.
Intervirology. 2025;68(1):57-66. doi: 10.1159/000546965. Epub 2025 Jun 24.
Bluetongue is an arthropod-borne viral disease of ruminants, which is caused by bluetongue virus (BTV) that exists in more than 30 different serotypes. The disease is endemic in Pakistan. However, little is known about circulating BTV serotypes in the country. This study reports the serotypes of BTV in North-Western Pakistan.
A total of 758 competitive ELISA-positive serum samples were tested using serum neutralization tests against the 28 BTV serotypes (BTV-1 to BTV-27 and BTV-X). The test samples originated from cattle (n = 296), buffalo (n = 80), sheep (n = 136), and goats (n = 246).
Neutralizing antibodies against one or more of the 28 BTV serotypes were detected in 59.1% of the positive samples. Antibodies against BTV-26 had the highest (56.5%) prevalence, whereas, those against BTV-19 had the lowest (0.9%) prevalence. Species-wise, neutralizing antibodies against all the 28 serotypes of BTV were found in cattle, whereas antibodies against 24, 21, and 19 different serotypes of BTV were detected in goats, sheep, and buffalo, respectively. Neutralizing antibodies against 19 different BTV serotypes were detected for the first time in Pakistan. It was also the first time that neutralizing antibodies against atypical serotypes (i.e., BTV-25, BTV-27, and BTV-X) were found in cattle.
Bluetongue in Pakistan has a complex epidemiology, as evidenced by the detection of antibodies against a large number of BTV serotypes. Findings of the current study may be helpful in selecting appropriate vaccines for control of the disease in the country.
蓝舌病是反刍动物的一种节肢动物传播的病毒性疾病，由存在30多种不同血清型的蓝舌病病毒（BTV）引起。该病在巴基斯坦为地方病。然而，该国流行的BTV血清型情况鲜为人知。本研究报告了巴基斯坦西北部的BTV血清型。
使用血清中和试验针对28种BTV血清型（BTV-1至BTV-27和BTV-X）对总共758份竞争ELISA阳性血清样本进行检测。测试样本来自牛（n = 296）、水牛（n = 80）、绵羊（n = 136）和山羊（n = 246）。
在59.1%的阳性样本中检测到针对28种BTV血清型中一种或多种的中和抗体。针对BTV-26的抗体流行率最高（56.5%），而针对BTV-19的抗体流行率最低（0.9%）。按物种来看，在牛中发现了针对所有28种BTV血清型的中和抗体，而在山羊、绵羊和水牛中分别检测到针对24种、21种和19种不同BTV血清型的抗体。在巴基斯坦首次检测到针对19种不同BTV血清型的中和抗体。这也是首次在牛中发现针对非典型血清型（即BTV-25、BTV-27和BTV-X）的中和抗体。
巴基斯坦的蓝舌病流行病学情况复杂，这从检测到针对大量BTV血清型的抗体得到证明。本研究结果可能有助于为该国控制该病选择合适的疫苗。
