Kuntuz T, Gunes Y, Diren Sigirci B, Anlas C, Sari A B, Bakirel T, Ustuner O
Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Institute of Graduate Studies, 34320 Istanbul, Turkey.
Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, 34500 Istanbul, Turkey.
Pol J Vet Sci. 2025 Jun;28(2):195-202. doi: 10.24425/pjvs.2025.154938.
Effective control of the cat flea (Ctenocephalides felis) infestation is essential for human and animal health. To date, several ectoparasitic drugs, such as carbamates, neonicotinoids, phenylpyrazoles, and pyrethroids have been used to control flea infestations; however their widespread use has led to resistance, hampering treatment success. In this study, the resistance potential of C. felis collected from cats to fipronil (FIP), imidacloprid (IMI), flumethrin (FLU), and propoxur (PRO), which are the commonly used compounds for flea control, was investigated by molecular analyses. Bioassays encompassed exposure of adult cat fleas to FIP (2%), IMI (6%), FLU (0.1%), and PRO (0.1%)-impregnated papers using an insecticide susceptibility test kit according to the WHO protocol. Afterward, PCR was performed to identify mutations indicating resistance to FIP and FLU. Based on molecular analyses, mutations in the para gene of C. felis were identified as L1014F and T929V, indicating FLU resistance. Frequencies of T929V and L1014F mutations in fleas were 2.5% and 10%, respectively. On the other hand, two fleas that survived after eight hours of exposure to FIP lacked the A302S mutation, which was partially associated with FIP resistance. Even though our results revealed no resistance to FIP, IMI, and PRO in fleas collected from the study's cat population, the occurrence of FLU resistance due to mutations in the para gene of the fleas was demonstrated at the molecular level.
有效控制猫蚤（猫栉首蚤）感染对人类和动物健康至关重要。迄今为止，几种体外寄生虫药物，如氨基甲酸盐、新烟碱类、苯基吡唑类和拟除虫菊酯类，已被用于控制跳蚤感染；然而，它们的广泛使用导致了耐药性，阻碍了治疗的成功。在本研究中，通过分子分析研究了从猫身上采集的猫栉首蚤对氟虫腈（FIP）、吡虫啉（IMI）、氟氯氰菊酯（FLU）和残杀威（PRO）的耐药潜力，这些是常用的跳蚤控制化合物。生物测定包括根据世卫组织方案，使用杀虫剂敏感性测试试剂盒将成年猫蚤暴露于含2% FIP、6% IMI、0.1% FLU和0.1% PRO的浸渍纸上。之后，进行PCR以鉴定表明对FIP和FLU耐药的突变。基于分子分析，猫栉首蚤的para基因中的突变被鉴定为L1014F和T929V，表明对FLU耐药。跳蚤中T929V和L1014F突变的频率分别为2.5%和10%。另一方面，在暴露于FIP八小时后存活的两只跳蚤缺乏A302S突变，该突变与FIP耐药性部分相关。尽管我们的结果显示从研究的猫群体中采集的跳蚤对FIP、IMI和PRO没有耐药性，但在分子水平上证明了由于跳蚤para基因突变导致的FLU耐药性的出现。
