Amaolo Alessandro, Sadeghi Hanieh, Carrera Carla, Padovan Sergio, Carniato Fabio, Di Gregorio Enza, Ferrauto Giuseppe
Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Molecular Biotechnologies and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Via Nizza 52, Torino 10126, Italy.
Dipartimento di Scienze e Innovazione Tecnologica, Università degli Studi del Piemonte Orientale, Via Teresa Michel 11, Alessandria 15121, Italy.
ACS Nanosci Au. 2025 Apr 24;5(3):184-195. doi: 10.1021/acsnanoscienceau.5c00010. eCollection 2025 Jun 18.
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) presents significant diagnostic challenges, necessitating improved imaging techniques. Here, we develop hybrid poly-(lactic--glycolic acid) (PLGA)-phospholipid nanoparticles (NPs) loaded with gadolinium (Gd) chelates and functionalized with albumin, adenosine, or glutamine to boost their internalization in PDAC cells and increase the detectability by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Gd-PLGA NPs were synthesized using an emulsion solvent extraction method and incorporating DSPE-PEG(2000)-methoxy and DPPE-PEG(2000) -Hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) for surface functionalization with albumin, adenosine, or glutamine. NPs were characterized by dynamic light scattering for particle size and ζ potential measurements, in addition to H NMR and proton nuclear magnetic relaxation dispersion to assess relaxivity and contrastographic properties, and stability studies were conducted in both HEPES-buffered saline and human serum. Reported studies demonstrated that all the preparations display a good stability, a hydrodynamic diameter lower than 200 nm, and a slight negative surface charge, with good potential for applications in cells and in vivo. In vitro studies on MiaPaca2 and Panc1 cell lines confirmed that functionalized NPs display higher cellular uptake and stronger MRI signal enhancement than unconjugated controls, with albumin-PLGA-lipid NPs leading to the greatest uptake. Our findings highlight a promising route toward a more sensitive, targeted MRI of PDAC, calling for in vivo studies to assess diagnostic potential and therapeutic applications.
胰腺腺癌(PDAC)带来了重大的诊断挑战,因此需要改进成像技术。在此,我们开发了负载钆(Gd)螯合物并通过白蛋白、腺苷或谷氨酰胺功能化的混合聚(乳酸-乙醇酸)(PLGA)-磷脂纳米颗粒(NPs),以促进其在PDAC细胞中的内化,并提高磁共振成像(MRI)的可检测性。使用乳液溶剂萃取法合成Gd-PLGA NPs,并加入DSPE-PEG(2000)-甲氧基和DPPE-PEG(2000)-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(NHS)用于白蛋白、腺苷或谷氨酰胺的表面功能化。除了通过1H NMR和质子核磁共振弛豫分散来评估弛豫率和造影特性外,还通过动态光散射对NPs进行粒径和ζ电位测量来表征,并且在HEPES缓冲盐水和人血清中进行稳定性研究。报道的研究表明,所有制剂均显示出良好的稳定性、小于200 nm的流体动力学直径和轻微的负表面电荷,在细胞和体内应用方面具有良好的潜力。对MiaPaca2和Panc1细胞系进行的体外研究证实,功能化的NPs比未缀合的对照显示出更高的细胞摄取和更强的MRI信号增强,其中白蛋白-PLGA-脂质NPs的摄取量最大。我们的研究结果突出了一条通往更敏感、靶向性PDAC的MRI的有前景的途径,需要进行体内研究以评估诊断潜力和治疗应用。
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